Many biological agents are epidemic or pandemic in nature (Ebola 2013, Spanish influenza 1918, Russian influenza 1989, SARS-CoV-2 2019). Recognising the onset of the spread of epidemics and pandemics remains a major challenge even in the 21st century despite the technologies and scientific knowledge at our disposal, as is the successful management of such situations. The reason concerns the existence of biological diversity and the laws that govern it, which are very difficult to predict and which are virtually uncontrollable. It is gradually becoming apparent that the current spread of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 (9 million deaths since the beginning of the pandemic according to WHO) is characterised by very different characteristics (e.g. the exposure, transmission and spread of the viral infectious agent) in different populations and risk groups.Social services workers in the Czech Republic have been on the frontline for the duration of the pandemic and have been required to work in a high-risk infectious environment. This has led to the need for changes in their established working practices and approaches. Considerable creativity had to be employed particularly in the first year of the pandemic due to the scarcity of information on the new viral agent, the availability of which increased only slowly as the scientific community studied and analysed the various factors involved. Globally, the scientific community released its experimental data as soon as it became available; however, unfortunately, due to the nature of biomedical research, the release of the outputs failed to match the time requirements for their necessity in practice.Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the following text provides an analysis of the specific measures and the related difficulties, and the struggle to find solutions, that providers of selected types of social services faced during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.The survey results revealed that the issues in question had a common thread across the various types of social services, as well as a number of common features and challenges. The analysis of the results showed a noticeable shift between the initial period, which was characterised by the rapid onset of the spread of the pandemic, and the situation after 18 months of life under pandemic conditions, which was characterised by the lower incidence of problems and difficulties. One of the major outcomes of the study concerns the identification of the need for social service providers to be provided with a unified, clear and centrally managed process that is able to provide individualised methodological support. The results are based on a study conducted as part of "The Changes in Selected Social Services for People with Disabilities during the State of Emergency Instigated by a Viral Disease" project.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přístup k informacím MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální práce organizace a řízení   MeSH
• sociální pracovníci * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na sociální a hygientické služby a na osoby s postižením v Česku během pandemie COVID-19. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• hygiena MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• postižení MeSH
• řízení rizik MeSH
• sociální práce MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Druhy sociální pomoci a služeb
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Benzoxonium chloride belongs to the group of quaternary ammonium salts, which have been widely used for decades as disinfectants because of their high efficacy, low toxicity, and thermal stability. In this study, we have prepared the C10-C18 set of benzoxonium-like salts to evaluate the effect of their chemical and biological decontamination capabilities. In particular, biocidal activity against a panel of bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus in biofilm form was screened. In addition, the most promising compounds were successfully tested against Francisella tularensis as a representative of potential biological warfare agents. From a point of view of chemical warfare protection, the efficiency of BOC-like compounds to degrade the organophosphate simulant fenitrothion was examined. Notwithstanding that no single compound with universal effectiveness was identified, a mixture of only two compounds from this group would be able to satisfactorily cover the proposed decontamination spectrum. In addition, the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity as a basic safety parameter for potential use in practice. In summary, the dual effect on chemical and biological agents of benzoxonium-like salts offer attractive potential as active components of decontamination mixtures in the case of a terrorist threat or chemical or biological accidents.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Společenské prostředí se v poslední době výrazně proměňuje. Dynamika společnosti se zvyšuje a roste tlak na změnu schopností a dovedností potřebných k fungování ve společnosti. Změny spojené s tímto vývojem však mohou způsobovat problémy těm, jejichž zdravotní stav je v získávání potřebných schopností a dovedností v určitém ohledu znevýhodňuje. Z tohoto důvodu je třeba hledat a nalézat cesty, jak eliminovat problémy spojené s rostoucím tlakem společnosti. Na základě výzkumů v oblasti přínosů dobrovolnictví se ukazuje, že dobrovolnická činnost může hrát významnou úlohu v procesu vzdělávání a následného zapojování osob s postižením do nového sociokulturního prostředí. S těmito úvahami se v posledních letech objevuje termín „inkluzivní dobrovolnictví“, který má podepřít snahy společnosti o dosažení inkluze. Článek v úvodu představuje inkluzivní dobrovolnictví, které se v poslední době objevuje ve výzkumech odborníků rozličných společenskovědních disciplín. Hlavní část článku informuje o realizaci a výsledcích výzkumného šetření „Dobrovolnictví a dobrovolnická činnost osob s postižením“ realizované autorkou. V závěrečné diskusi jsou poznání dávána do vztahu s dosavadní literaturou.

Social settings have recently undergone significant changes. The dynamics of society are increasing, as is the pressure of the changes in the skills and abilities needed for its good functioning. However, changes associated with this development may cause problems to those whose health is disadvantageous in terms of acquiring the necessary skills. For this reason, it is necessary to seek and find ways to eliminate the problems associated with the increasing societal pressure. Research on volunteering benefits shows that volunteering can play a significant role in the process of education and the subsequent involvement of people with disabilities in the new socio-cultural environment. Taking this into consideration, in recent years the term “inclusive volunteering” has emerged to support the efforts of society to achieve inclusion. This article introduces the inclusive volunteering that has recently emerged in research by experts in various social sciences. The main section of the article details the realization and results of the survey called “Volunteering of people with disabilities”, conducted by the author. The final discussion provides a comparison of the paper’s revelations with existing literature.

• MeSH
• dobrovolní pracovníci * psychologie   výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postižení psychologie   rehabilitace   výchova   MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• sociální facilitace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• rozhovory MeSH

• Publikační typ
• recenze MeSH