Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 are one of the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. Faecal samples from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes [Linnaeus]), 100 grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus), 11 golden jackals (Canis aureus Linnaeus), and 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) were collected in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy and PCR/sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes using the maximum likelihood method revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri Ren, Zhao, Zhang, Ning, Jian et al., 2012 (n = 1) and C. andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead et Blackburn, 2000 (n = 2) in red foxes, C. canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lai et Dubey, 2001 (n = 2) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santín et Macarisin, 2010 (n = 2) in grey wolves, and C. galli Pavlásek, 1999 in brown bears (n = 1) and red foxes (n = 1). Subtyping of isolates of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri based on sequence analysis of gp60 showed that they belong to the XIId and IXa families, respectively. The presence of specific DNA of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni and C. galli, which primarily infect the prey of carnivores, is probably the result of their passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the carnivores. Finding C. ubiquitum XIId in wolves may mean broadening the host spectrum of this subtype, but it remains possible this is the result of infected prey passing through the wolf - in this case deer, which is a common host of this parasite. The dog genotype of C. canis was reported for the first time in wolves.
- MeSH
- Carnivora parazitologie MeSH
- Cryptosporidium * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotypizační techniky MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie MeSH
- lišky parazitologie MeSH
- malé podjednotky ribozomu genetika MeSH
- medvědovití parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- protozoální geny MeSH
- psi parazitologie MeSH
- šakali parazitologie MeSH
- vlci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Host- and age-specificity of Cryptosporidium avium were studied in 1-, 21- and 365-day-old chickens (Gallus gallus), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) under experimental conditions. Cryptosporidium avium was not infectious for ring-necked pheasants, but it was infectious for ducks and chickens at all age categories. The course of infection in ducks did not differ among age categories, but 365-day-old chickens had less severe infections than 1- and 21-day-old chickens. The patent period in chickens and ducks was >30 DPI, but ducks started to shed oocysts of C. avium earlier (5-6 DPI) and at a lower intensity (accumulated value of infection intensity of 58,000-65,000 OPG) than chickens (9-11 DPI and accumulated value of infection intensity of 100,000-105,000 OPG). Experimentally infected birds showed no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- Galliformes parazitologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální obsah parazitologie MeSH
- genotypizační techniky MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- kachny parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- kur domácí parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- odolnost vůči nemocem MeSH
- oocysty izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- protozoální DNA chemie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální chemie genetika MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Faecal samples were collected from cats kept as pets (n = 120) and stray cats (n = 135) in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia) and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis (Kunstler, 1882), Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes, Le Charpentier, Galian, Bernard, Cochand-Priollet, Lavergne, Ravisse et Modigliani, 1985 by PCR analysis of the small-subunit of rRNA (Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis) and ITS (microsporidia) genes. Sequence analysis of targeted genes revealed the presence of C. felis Iseki, 1979, G. intestinalis assemblage F, E. cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 genotype II, and E. bieneusi genotype D. There was no correlation between the occurrence of detected parasites and sex, presence of diarrhoea or drug treatment (drug containing pyrantel and praziquantel). Compared to pet cats (7%), stray cats (30%) were statistically more frequently infected with protist parasites and overall may present a greater risk to human health.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Encephalitozoon izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Giardia lamblia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koček epidemiologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
A total of 345 faecal samples were collected from domestic, captive and wild birds in rural areas, urban areas and a Zoo in Algeria. Samples were screened for the presence of parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 by microscopy and PCR analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 31 samples. Sequence analysis of SSU and actin genes revealed the presence of C. baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 in domestic chicken broilers (n = 12), captive ostriches (n = 4) and a wild mallard (n = 1), and C. meleagridis Slavin, 1955 in a graylag goose (n = 1), chickens (n = 11) and turkeys (n = 2). Twenty-three chicken and two turkey broilers from five farms were positive for cryptosporidia, with an overall prevalence of 2% and 6%, respectively. Both C. meleagridis and C. baileyi were detected in farmed chicken broilers, with a prevalence ranging from 9% to 69%. Farmed turkeys broilers were positive only for C. meleagridis, with a 13% prevalence at the animal level. Subtyping of C. meleagridis isolates at the gp60 locus showed the presence of subtype IIIgA22G3R1 in graylag goose and chicken broilers and IIIgA23G2R1 in chicken and turkey broilers. Infection with cryptosporidia was not associated with any clinical diseases. The results of the present study, which provides the first data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild birds in Africa, demonstrate the presence of human pathogenic C. meleagridis in both domestic and wild birds in Algeria.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- kur domácí parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Alžírsko MeSH
