PURPOSE: Para-karate has been gaining popularity rapidly; however, scientific research on the subject remains limited. This study aims to examine the kata preferences at top-level para-karate events and explore the relationship between sport class (type of impairment) and kata selection. METHODS: Data was collected from nine events-four World Para-Karate Championships (2016, 2018, 2021, 2023) and five European Para-Karate Championships (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023). A total of 906 katas were performed: 567 by males and 339 by females. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: Top-level para-karate athletes utilized 62 katas (61%) from the official WKF list (102 katas). The most popular katas were Gojushiho Sho (19.9%), Unsu (11.5%), Kanku Sho (9.5%), Suparinpei (6.7%), and Jion (6.2%). A significant relationship was found between sport class and kata selection (p ≤ 0.05). The most popular kata for K30 was Unsu (15%), while K10 and K21 + K22 classes predominantly chose Gojushiho Sho (16.6% and 30.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Kata selection for para-karate athletes is influenced by the type of impairment. Intellectually impaired athletes and their coaches often select a single, challenging kata with a balanced fast-to-slow movement ratio, such as Gojushiho Sho, to optimize performance.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to describe the practices and perspectives of Czech football coaches regarding the monitoring of players' training load and physical performance, with a focus on identifying key barriers and preferred sources of information. METHODS: A total of 235 football coaches completed an online survey comprehending training load monitoring methods, physical performance assessments, barriers to implementation, and information sources. RESULTS: Among respondents, 93.7% reported monitoring training load, with training diaries (70%) being the most utilized method for external load measures and heart rate (45%) for internal load. Despite this, 42.7% of coaches did not monitor internal load and 21.7% did not conduct physical fitness evaluations. The most frequently reported barrier was a lack of resources (74.5%), though elite-level coaches (52.8%) and strength and conditioning coaches (75%) identified human resources as their primary limitation. Across all levels, the Football Association was the preferred source of information (61.7%). CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the predominance of traditional monitoring practices among the Czech football coaches, alongside with notable gaps in internal load tracking and fitness evaluation. The resource constraints remain a major barrier. Practical recommendations include promoting economical monitoring tools, such as RPE, and enhancing collaboration among stakeholders to improved monitoring strategies. The Football Association's play a key role on support these efforts.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V prvních měsících roku 2020 propukla celosvětová pandemie koronavirové choroby COVID-19. Tato skutečnost se plně promítla i do každodenního života obyvatel České republiky. Vládou přijatá restriktivní protipandemická opatření zcela změnila a významně omezila chod celé společnosti. Od 11. března 2020 došlo k uzavření školských zařízení a zákazu osobní přítomnosti žáků na vzdělávání. Takováto opatření probíhala v několika vlnách po dobu více než dvou let. To se významně promítlo i do životního stylu dětí a mládeže. Uvedené skutečnosti se mohou projevit v různé úrovni indikátorů souvisejících se zdravým růstem a vývojem mladého organismu. Cíle: Cílem předložené studie je zachytit a porovnat vývoj vybraných somatických a morfologických parametrů u hráčů regionální fotbalové akademie a stejně starých nesportujících chlapců v období restriktivních opatření spojených s pandemií koronavirové choroby COVID-19. Metodika: Výzkumné šetření se uskutečnilo v měsících březen 2020 a říjen 2021. Byla zpracována data probandů, kteří absolvovali první i druhé měření. Výzkumného šetření se zúčastnilo celkem 20 hráčů regionální fotbalové akademie (průměrný věk 1. měření: 12,9 ± 0,32 let; průměrný věk 2. měření: 14,5 ± 0,33 let). Kontrolní soubor byl tvořen 32 chlapci (průměrný věk 1. měření: 13,1 ± 0,43 let; průměrný věk 2. měření: 14,6 ± 0,45 let), kteří reprezentují jedince bez pravidelně řízené pohybové aktivity. Pro hodnocení sledovaných parametrů byly aplikovány metody somatické, antropometrické diagnostiky a neinvazivní metoda multifrekvenční tetrapolární bioelektrické impedance pomocí přístroje InBody 770. Výsledky: V průběhu sledovaného pandemického období došlo u hráčů fotbalové akademie k signifikantnímu snížení tělesného tuku o 2,6 % (p ≤ 0,01; d = 1,16) s jeho celkovým zastoupením na úrovni 8,3 %. Současně u nich došlo k významnému navýšení kosterního svalstva o 2,9 % (p ≤ 0,001; d = 2,24) s jeho průměrným zastoupením 51,2 % v rámci tělesného složení. Z hlediska tělesné konstituce byl zjištěn významný pokles endomorfie a nárůst mezomorfie. Průměrný somatotyp hráčů fotbalové akademie se přesunul z oblasti centrálních typů do kategorie mezomorfů-ektomorfů s hodnotou 1,8–4,3–4,0. U nesportujících chlapců došlo k navýšení tělesného tuku o 3,2 % s jeho průměrným zastoupením na úrovni 23,3 %. Dále byl zjištěn pokles v zastoupení kosterního svalstva o 1,1 % na průměrnou úroveň 39,8 % v rámci tělesného složení. Závěry: Nalezená zjištění prokazují významné odlišnosti ve vývoji somatických a morfologických parametrů u mladých chlapců ve věku 13–14 let s významně rozdílnou úrovní pohybové aktivity v průběhu pandemického období COVID-19 a s tím spojených restriktivních opatření.
In the first months of 2020, a global pandemic of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 broke out. This fact was fully reflected in the everyday life of the Czech Republic's inhabitants. The restrictive pandemic measures adopted by the government have completely changed and significantly limited the operation of the entire society. Since 11 March 2020, school facilities have been closed and pupils have been banned from attending education in person. Such measures have taken place in several waves over a period of more than two years. This has had a significant impact on the lifestyles of children and young people. These facts may be reflected in different levels of indicators related to the healthy growth and development of the young organism. Objective: The aim of the present study is to capture and compare the evolution of selected somatic and morphological parameters in football academy players and similarly aged non-sporting boys during the period of restrictive measures associated with the covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Methods: The survey was conducted in the months March 2020 and October 2021. Data from probands who completed both the first and second measurement were processed. A total of 20 players of the regional football academy participated in the research investigation (mean age of the 1st measurement: 12.9 ± 0.32 years; mean age of the 2nd measurement: 14.5 ± 0.33 years). The control group consists of 32 boys (mean age of 1st measurement: 13.1 ± 0.43 years; mean age of 2nd measurement: 14.6 ± 0.45 years), who represent individuals with no regularly controlled physical activity. Somatic and anthropometric diagnostic methods and the non-invasive method of multi-frequency tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance using the InBody 770 device were applied to evaluate the monitored parameters. Results: During the observed pandemic period, there was a significant reduction of body fat by 2.6 % (p ≤ 0.01; d = 1.16) in the football academy players, with its overall representation at 8.3 %. At the same time, there was a significant increase in skeletal muscle by 2.9 % (p ≤ 0.001; d = 2.24) with a mean body composition of 51.2 %. In terms of body constitution, there was a significant decrease in endomorphy and an increase in mesomorphy. The average somatotype of football academy players moved from the central types to the mesomorph-ectomorph category with a value of 1.8-4.3-4.0. There was a 3.2 % increase in body fat in the non-sporting boys, with an average body fat percentage of 23.3 %. Furthermore, there was a decrease in skeletal muscle representation by 1.1 % to an average level of 39.8 % in body composition. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate significant differences in the development of somatic and morphological parameters in young boys aged thirteen and fourteen years with significantly different levels of physical activity during the pandemic period of COVID-19 and associated restrictive measures.
Background: Fatigue demonstrated by decreasing performance seems to occur towards the ends of periods of matches and can lead to a win or loss of the match. Objective: This study aimed to assess the influence of fatigue on internal and external load using game-based drills in junior and adult male basketball players. Methods: A total of 50 elite basketball players participated in this study. Every participant was monitored by the Team Pro Polar system to find out heart rate and activity demands during a game-based drill. Mixed analysis of variance 2 × 4 was used. Results: Significant interactions between age category and playing quarter were found for distance covered (p = .001, ηp2 = .25). Significant interactions between age category and playing quarter were found for relative time in zone 3 (running, p = .013, ηp2 = .25) and zone 4 (high-intensity running, p = .004, ηp2 = .34). When comparing the last three minutes of quarters, a significant main effect was found for playing quarter, when the distance covered (p = .001, ηp2 = .47) significantly decreased. A significant main effect was found for playing quarter, whereby relative time spent in zone 3 (p = .012, ηp2 = .09; quarter 1 vs. 4: p = .044) significantly increased, and in zone 4 decreased (p = .001, ηp2 = .29, moderate effect; quarter 1 vs. 4: p = .010). When comparing heart rate and activity demands during the last three minutes of playing quarters, the significant main effect for the age category was found in distance covered (p = .004, ηp2 = .27). It was greater in adult male players compared to junior players. Conclusions: The fatigue affects the distance covered, and intensity of activity demands during the last three minutes of quarters, but not the heart rate response of players.
- MeSH
- basketbal * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- sportovní výkon * MeSH
- únava MeSH
- určení tepové frekvence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
