Erythropoietin (EPO), known for its role in erythroid differentiation, has been suggested to have a direct protective role against a variety of neurotoxic insults. In the present study, we investigated the expression of EPO receptor (EPOR) and the number of EPORpositive cells in three encephalic regions (ventral mesencephalon, striatum, cortex) following lesion induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). C57BL/6 mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of MPTP at 24 h intervals for 5 days, and their brains were examined 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 or 21 days after the last injection. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that EPOR was dramatically up-regulated in the ventral mesencephalon, 4 days after MPTP insult until the day 21. In contrast, there was a baseline level of EPOR in the striatum and cortex. At subsequent time points after MPTP injury, the levels of EPOR in the two regions were not statistically different compared with those in normal animals. These results suggest that the regional specific up-regulation of EPOR at an early stage after MPTP stimulus may represent a pro-survival mechanism against neurotoxin injury in Parkinsonian model.
- MeSH
- corpus striatum metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mozková kůra metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- parkinsonské poruchy metabolismus MeSH
- receptory erythropoetinu metabolismus MeSH
- substantia nigra metabolismus MeSH
- upregulace fyziologie MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Sleep is regulated by complex biological systems and environmental influences, neither of which is fully clarified. This study demonstrates differential effects of partial sleep deprivation (SD) on sleep architecture and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance using two different protocols (sequentially) that each restricted daily sleep to 3 hours in healthy adult men. The protocols differed only in the period of sleep restriction; in one, sleep was restricted to a 3-hour block from 12:00 AM to 3:00 AM, and in the other, sleep was restricted to a block from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM. Subjects in the earlier sleep restriction period showed a significantly lower percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep after 4 days (17.0 vs. 25.7 %) and a longer latency to the onset of REM sleep (L-REM) after 1 day (78.8 vs. 45.5 min) than they did in the later sleep restriction period. Reaction times on PVT performance were also better (i.e. shorter) in the earlier SR period on day 4 (249.8 vs. 272 ms). These data support the view that earlier-night sleep may be more beneficial for daytime vigilance than later-night sleep. The study also showed that cumulative declines in daytime vigilance resulted from loss of total sleep time, rather than from specific stages, and underscored the reversibility of SR effects with greater amounts of sleep.
- MeSH
- arousal fyziologie MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- reakční čas fyziologie MeSH
- spánek REM fyziologie MeSH
- spánková deprivace patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- chalazion terapie MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- triamcinolonacetonid aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- recenze MeSH
