BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.
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- dospělí MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * komplikace diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- rychlost zpracování MeSH
- únava * patofyziologie etiologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
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- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Správný psychomotorický vývoj v prvním roce života je důležitý pro celý další vývoj dítěte. Popisujeme psychomotorický vývoj u zdravého dítěte po jednotlivých měsících s důrazem na zásadní vývojové mezníky v tomto období. Korespondující autorka: MUDr. Renata Cíbochová Klinika dětské neurologie 2. LF UK a FN Motol V úvalu 84 150 06 Praha 5-Motol Renata.Cibochova@fnmotol.cz
Correct psychomotor development in the first year of a life is essential for all the further development. We aim to describe psychomotor development in a healthy child month after month, with an emphasis on essential developmental milestones.
- Klíčová slova
- psychomotorický vývoj,
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- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- pronační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- reflex fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * fyziologie MeSH
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- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: In today's digital age, demanding to interpret vast quantities of visual information with speed and accuracy, nonverbal Intelligence has become increasingly crucial for children, as it plays a key role in cognitive development and learning. While motor proficiency has been positively linked to various cognitive functions in children, its relationship with nonverbal Intelligence remains an open question. This study, therefore, explored the structural associations between motor proficiency and nonverbal Intelligence in school-aged children (6 to 11 years), focusing on potential age and sex-specific patterns. METHODS: Data were obtained from 396 children aged 6 to 11 (214 boys, 182 girls; mean age 8.9 years ±1.3) divided into younger children 6-8 years and older Children 9-11 years. Motor proficiency was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), and non-verbal Intelligence was evaluated with the Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM). We conducted multigroup structural modelling with non-verbal Intelligence as a dependent latent variable. RESULTS: The BOT-2 and RPM models demonstrated an acceptable fit in Czech children. Strength-agility and Fine motor control emerged as the strongest predictors of nonverbal intelligence level assessed by five sets of RPM. Age-specific analyses revealed that the Strength-agility construct was consistently a significant predictor of nonverbal intelligence level in both age categories. However, in older children, also Fine motor control was significantly linked to nonverbal intelligence level. Sex-specific differences were also observed in the structural modelling results, indicating significant predictor non-invariance based on participants' sex. In girls, both Fine motor control and the Strength-agility constructs were significant predictors of nonverbal Intelligence level, showing stronger associations with nonverbal Intelligence than boys. For boys, only the Strength-agility construct was a significant predictor of RPM performance. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a nuanced age- and sex-specific relationship between children's motor proficiency and nonverbal Intelligence. The findings underscore the need for targeted physical interventions, particularly those emphasising fine motor and strength-agility exercises, to ensure equitable opportunities for motor skill development. Such interventions may enhance physical abilities and support cognitive development in an increasingly digital world.
- MeSH
- analýza latentních tříd MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- inteligence * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti * fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie MeSH
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- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
1. vydání 289 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 24 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na různé poruchy komunikační motoriky, na jejich testování a na jejich rehabilitaci. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
There is growing interest in virtual reality (VR) training among competitive athletes and casual sports players alike as a tool to supplement real-life play within a highly controlled, intellectually stimulating environment. We examined data from a commercially available, recently released VR software for tennis for changes in and correlates of performance. Two most frequently used tasks were evaluated-Baseline Center and Quick Volley, which include Efficiency (both), Concentration (both), and Reaction Time (Quick Volley only) subtasks. In all, 1,124 (Baseline Center) and 745 (Quick Volley) users met inclusion criteria (completed more than four trials; active sometime between November 2022 and July 2023). We found that most users were male adults and were about evenly split between advanced/pro users and intermediate/beginner users. Two or three trajectories emerged across the subtasks. Performance gains were most pronounced on movement efficiency, especially early on. Adult users generally exhibited more improvement than junior users. Additionally, women and right-handed users improved more on Baseline Center subtasks, and advanced/pro users did better than intermediate/beginner users on Quick Volley subtasks. We discuss that, despite strong performance gains within VR environment, VR training may still reflect in better real-world performance, may increase confidence and accuracy of relevant movement, lower risk of injury, and present a welcome diversion from a potential monotony of performing sport-related tasks in purely real-world settings. Future research should explore the extent to which VR training transfers to real-world performance.
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- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- sportovní výkon * fyziologie MeSH
- tenis * MeSH
- virtuální realita * MeSH
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- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Coordinative patterns require experience and learning to be acquired, producing movements that offer efficient solutions to various situations and involving certain degree of variability. This coordination variability implies functionality in movement, but it can be impacted by the type of sport practice from early years. The purpose of this work is to analyze the coordination variability and coordination patterns in a specific action such as single-leg landing in children practicing gymnastics, volleyball and non-sporting children. Thirty children (15 girls) performed 10 successful trials of single-leg landing from a height of 25 cm. A motion capture system (9 cameras) was used to capture 3D thigh and shank kinematics. To identify the significant effect of children's groups on coordination and coordination variability during single-leg landing, one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used. Regarding the coordination patterns, in the frontal plane, during the attenuation phase of single-leg landing, the control group exhibited a higher frequency of Anti-Phase with proximal dominancy compared to the sport groups (i.e., gymnastics, and volleyball). In addition, in the sagittal plane during the second peak phase, volleyball players exhibited a higher coordination variability than the gymnastics. The children in the control group showed a greater frequency of antiphasic movements, which indicates the influence of training at an early age, being a determining factor in the increase or not of variability.
- MeSH
- bérec fyziologie MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gymnastika * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- volejbal * MeSH
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- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effect of practice schedule on retention and transfer has been studied since the first publication on contextual interference (CI) in 1966. However, strongly advocated by scientists and practitioners, the CI effect also aroused some doubts. Therefore, our objective was to review the existing literature on CI and to determine how it affects retention in motor learning. We found 1255 articles in the following databases: Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, supplemented by the Google Scholar search engine. We screened full texts of 294 studies, of which 54 were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analyses, two different models were applied, i.e., a three-level mixed model and random-effects model with averaged effect sizes from single studies. According to both analyses, high CI has a medium beneficial effect on the whole population. These effects were statistically significant. We found that the random practice schedule in laboratory settings effectively improved motor skills retention. On the contrary, in the applied setting, the beneficial effect of random practice on the retention was almost negligible. The random schedule was more beneficial for retention in older adults (large effect size) and in adults (medium effect size). In young participants, the pooled effect size was negligible and statically insignificant.
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- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti * fyziologie MeSH
- retence (psychologie) fyziologie MeSH
- učení * fyziologie MeSH
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- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Research has shown that external relative to internal focus (IF) instructions may improve motor performance as well as cognitive function (e.g., attentional stability and task-focus). The aim of the study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on skill acquisition and learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments. The participants (N = 39, Mage = 17.87 ± 1.88 years) performed a bowling task with their dominant hand to knock down as many pins as possible. On day 1, they were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups; IF (focus on your throwing hand), external focus (EF) (focus on the pins), and control (no-focus) instructions. Each participant performed 36 trials, divided into 3 blocks of 12 trials. Attentional focus instructions were given before each block, with a brief reminder provided after each 3 trials. On day 2, retention and transfer (further distance) tests were performed. Results showed that while there were no significant differences between groups in the pre-test, the EF group outperformed both IF and control groups in retention and transfer tests. No significant difference was found between the control and IF. The findings suggest that the advantages of the external relative to the IF and no-focus instructions may generalize to individuals with hearing impairments.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patří mezi vzácná onemocnění. Rehabilitační péče provází pacienty s OI celoživotně. Vývoj dítěte může být komplikován vznikem zlomenin, deformit nebo skoliózy. Cílem článku je shrnout základní informace o nejčastějších muskuloskeletálních komplikacích a zdůraznit období, v nichž je význam rehabilitace zásadní. Zároveň je důležitým cílem upozornit na riziko vzniku tzv. bludného kruhu, který může výrazně limitovat kvalitu života dětí s OI, a ze kterého je možné vystoupit vhodně zvolenou rehabilitací v rámci komplexní multidisciplinární léčby.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disease. Rehabilitation care for patients with OI is a lifelong process. The development of a child can be complicated by the occurrence of fractures, deformities or scoliosis. The aim of this article is to summarize basic information about the most common musculoskeletal complications and to emphasize the periods in which rehabilitation is crucial. Additionally, an important goal is to highlight the risk of falling into the so-called vicious circle, that can significantly limit the quality of life of children with OI, and from which it is possible to get out of by appropriately chosen rehabilitation within the comprehensive treatment set by a multidisciplinary team.
- MeSH
- chůze MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fyzioterapie (techniky) MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- osteogenesis imperfecta * komplikace rehabilitace MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- reflexní terapie MeSH
- skolióza MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
U psychicky nemocných osob je pozorovatelná psychopatologie v jejich používání pohybu v rozsahu částí, nebo celku těla a využívání prostoru, potlačování nebo exploze emočních projevů zřejmých v tělesném pohybu a jejich sociální tělesná úzkost. Psychomotorická terapie je podpůrná léčba pomocí tělesné aktivity. Problém vidíme v nedostatečné znalosti principů a metod psychomotorické terapie, které jsou podpořeny výsledky výzkumných prací. Tato neznalost vede k používání alternativních metod, které nejsou založeny na odborném ověřování svého působení.
In mentally ill persons, psychopathology is observable in their use of movement in the range of parts or the whole of the body and use of space, suppression or explosion of emotional manifestations evident in bodily movement, and their social bodily anxiety. Psychomotor therapy is supportive treatment using physical activity. We see the problem as insufficient knowledge of the principles and methods of psychomotor therapy, which are supported by the results of research works. This ignorance leads to the use of alternative methods that are not based on professional verification of their effectiveness.
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- duševní poruchy * terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohybová aktivita * MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
