BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * komplikace diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- rychlost zpracování MeSH
- únava * patofyziologie etiologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Sleep symptoms, including excessive sleepiness, are frequently reported by patients with functional motor disorders (FMD). We aimed to classify the comorbid sleep disorders in FMD, and to investigate the relationship between subjective sleepiness and objective measures of hypersomnia, comparing them with data from people with central hypersomnia. A total of 37 patients (mean [SD] age 46.4 [11.2] years) with clinically definite FMD, and 17 patients (mean [SD] age 41.1 [11.6] years) with central hypersomnia underwent structured medical and sleep history, neurological examination, polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and questionnaires assessing sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In all, 23 patients with FMD (62%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Evidence of specific sleep disorders was identified in our cohort, with 35% having restless legs syndrome; 49% obstructive sleep apnea; and 8% periodic limb movements in sleep; however, the presence of these disorders was not correlated with subjective sleepiness. Patients with FMD with self-reported sleepiness reported higher fatigue (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.002), and had longer sleep latencies in the MSLT (p < 0.001) compared to the patients with central hypersomnia. No correlation was found between subjective and objective sleepiness in either group. Fatigue positively correlated with self-reported sleepiness in patients with FMD (p < 0.001). This study did not find objective correlates of increased sleepiness in patients with FMD. While sleep abnormalities were found to be common in FMD, they were not correlated with self-reports of excessive sleepiness. Positive correlations between self-reported sleepiness and fatigue support the current unified model of non-motor symptoms in FMD.
- MeSH
- deprese epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- komorbidita * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- periodické pohyby končetinami ve spánku epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- polysomnografie * MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti * epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- spánková latence fyziologie MeSH
- syndrom neklidných nohou patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- únava patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- nemoci endokrinního systému imunologie komplikace MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * imunologie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- únava * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Tufano, JJ, Brown, LE, and Haff, GG. Theoretical and practical aspects of different cluster set structures: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 848-867, 2017-When performing a set of successive repetitions, fatigue ensues and the quality of performance during subsequent repetitions contained in the set decreases. Oftentimes, this response may be beneficial because fatigue may stimulate the neuromuscular system to adapt, resulting in a super-compensatory response. However, there are instances in which accumulated fatigue may be detrimental to training or performance adaptations (i.e., power development). In these instances, the ability to recover and maintain repetition performance would be considered essential. By providing intermittent rest between individual repetitions or groups of repetitions within a set, an athlete is able to acutely alleviate fatigue, allowing performance to remain relatively constant throughout an exercise session. Within the scientific literature, a set that includes intermittent rest between individual repetitions or groups of repetitions within a set is defined as a cluster set. Recently, cluster sets (CS) have received more attention as researchers have begun to examine the acute and chronic responses to this relatively novel set structure. However, much of the rest period terminology within the literature lacks uniformity and many authors attempt to compare largely different protocols with the same terminology. Additionally, the present body of scientific literature has mainly focused on the effects of CS on power output, leaving the effects of CS on strength and hypertrophy relatively unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to further delineate cluster set terminology, describe the acute and chronic responses of CS, and explain the need for further investigation of the effects of CS.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- odporový trénink metody MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- únava patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Gołaś, A, Maszczyk, A, Pietraszewski, P, Stastny, P, Tufano, JJ, and Zając, A. Effects of pre-exhaustion on the patterns of muscular activity in the flat bench press. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1919-1924, 2017-Pre-exhaustion (PE) has been applied in resistance training (RT) to manipulate the order of performing 2 resistance exercises, a single-joint exercise to momentary exhaustion, followed by a multi-joint movement that includes the same muscle group. This method ensures greater recruitment of muscles or muscle groups in the multi-joint exercise to further increase muscle strength and overcome strength plateaus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle activity by electromyography during high-intensity (95% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]) bench press (BP), before and after PE of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles to determine the effects of PE of the prime movers. Eight healthy athletes, experienced in RT, participated in the study. There were 4 sessions in the experiment. Session 1 was aimed at determination of 1RM during a flat BP. Sessions 2, 3, and 4 consisted of performing a BP after PE of the muscles studied by the incline dumbbell fly, front deltoid raise, and lying triceps extension exercise. Peak concentric TB activation after TB PE (mean ± SD, 147.76 ± 18.6%) was significantly greater by analysis of variance (η = 0.82, F = 5.45, p = 0.004) compared with peak TB activation (114.77 ± 19.4%) before TB PE. The statistical analysis for PM and AD did not show any significant differences. Coaches should not expect the usefulness of PE protocol to elicit higher PM or AD activity or fatigue, but they can use it to increase TB activity before high-intensity BP exercise.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink MeSH
- sportovci * MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- únava patofyziologie MeSH
- vzpírání fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the individual occurrence of walking-related motor fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), according to disability level and disease phenotype.Study design This was a cross-sectional, multinational study.Participants They were 208 PwMS from 11 centers with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores up to 6.5. METHODS: The percentage change in distance walked (distance walked index, DWI) was calculated between minute 6 and 1 (DWI(6-1)) of the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Its magnitude was used to classify participants into 4 subgroups: (1) DWI(6-1)[≥5%], (2) DWI(6-1)[5%; -5%], (3) DWI(6-1)[-5%; > -15%], and (4) DWI(6-1)[≤-15%]. The latter group was labeled as having walking-related motor fatigue. PwMS were stratified into 5 subgroups based on the EDSS (0-2.5, 3-4, 4.5-5.5, 6, 6.5) and 3 subgroups based on MS phenotype (relapsing remitting [RR], primary progressive [PP], and secondary progressive [SP]). RESULTS: The DWI6-1was ≥5% in 16 PwMS (7.7%), between 5% and -5% in 70 PwMS (33.6%), between -5% and -15% in 58 PwMS (24%), and ≤-15% in 64 PwMS (30.8%). The prevalence of walking-related motor fatigue (DWI(6-1)[≤-15%]) was significantly higher among the progressive phenotype (PP = 50% and SP = 39%; RR = 15.6%) and PwMS with higher disability level (EDSS 4.5-5.5 = 48.3%, 6 = 46.3% and 6.5 = 51.5%, compared with EDSS 0-2.5 = 7.8% and 3-4 = 16.7%;P< .05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that EDSS, but not MS phenotype, explained a significant part of the variance in DWI(6-1)(R(2)= 0.086;P< .001). CONCLUSION: More than one-third of PwMS showed walking-related motor fatigue during the 6MWT, with its prevalence greatest in more disabled persons (up to 51%) and in those with progressive MS phenotype (up to 50%). Identification of walking-related motor fatigue may lead to better-tailored interventions.
- MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza komplikace epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- únava epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Pobyty sportovců ve vyšších nadmořských výškách (1800–2200 m n. m.) jsou stále častější, ať již kvůli účasti na závodech, nebo za účelem zvýšení výkonnosti. Článek přináší souhrnný pohled na problematiku sledování emočních stavů jedince v hypoxickém prostředí jako možného indikátoru únavy sportovce. Cílem je zpracovat přehled publikovaných výzkumů zaměřených na problematiku sportovního tréninku v hypoxii, které současně sledují změny nálad pomocí dotazníku POMS (Profil stavů nálad). Úvodní část práce je věnována charakteristice tohoto dotazníku a studiím, které řeší daný problém v normoxii. Systematický přehled výzkumů ukazuje, že sledování změn stavů nálad lze využít jako jeden z indikátorů únavy také v prostředí hypoxie. Relevantních výzkumů bylo publikováno jen minimum a pro přesnější závěry by bylo vhodné realizovat další výzkumy, především pak z prostředí přirozené hypoxie.
Aufenthalte von Sportlern in großen Höhen (1800 bis 2200 m über NN) werden als Folge der Teilnahme an Wettbewerben oder um die Leistung zu steigern immer häufiger. Der Artikel bringt einen Gesamtüberblick über die Kontrolle der emotionalen Zustände von Individuen in hypoxischer Umgebung als potenzieller Indikator für Müdigkeit der Sportler. Ziel dieses Artikels ist einen Überblick über veröffentlichte Studien über sportliches Training in Hypoxie. Die Veränderungen in der Stimmung werden mit Hilfe des Fragebogens POMS (Profil der Stimmungszustände) erhoben. Der einleitende Teil beschreibt die Merkmale des Fragebogens und Studien, die das Problem in Normoxie verfolgen. Eine systematische Überprüfung der Forschung zeigt, dass die Beschreibung der Stimmungsschwankungen als Indikator für die Ermüdung auch in Bereichen der Hypoxie verwendet werden kann. Es wurde nur eine kleine Zahl relevanter Forschungen veröffentlicht und für präzise Schlussfolgerungen wäre sinnvoll, weitere Untersuchungen durchführen, vor allem in natürlicher Hypoxie.
- MeSH
- afekt fyziologie MeSH
- emoce * fyziologie MeSH
- hypoxie * patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychologie sportu MeSH
- sportovci * psychologie MeSH
- sporty fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- tělesná výchova MeSH
- únava * patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
How do people feel during extreme collective rituals? Despite longstanding speculation, few studies have attempted to quantify ritual experiences. Using a novel pre/post design, we quantified physiological fluctuations (heart rates) and self-reported affective states from a collective fire-walking ritual in a Mauritian Hindu community. Specifically, we compared changes in levels of happiness, fatigue, and heart rate reactivity among high-ordeal participants (fire-walkers), low-ordeal participants (non-fire-walking participants with familial bonds to fire-walkers) and spectators (unrelated/unknown to the fire-walkers). We observed that fire-walkers experienced the highest increase in heart rate and reported greater happiness post-ritual compared to low-ordeal participants and spectators. Low-ordeal participants reported increased fatigue after the ritual compared to both fire-walkers and spectators, suggesting empathetic identification effects. Thus, witnessing the ritualistic suffering of loved ones may be more exhausting than experiencing suffering oneself. The findings demonstrate that the level of ritual involvement is important for shaping affective responses to collective rituals. Enduring a ritual ordeal is associated with greater happiness, whereas observing a loved-one endure a ritual ordeal is associated with greater fatigue post-ritual.
- MeSH
- afekt fyziologie MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- chůze fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- hinduismus psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- požáry * MeSH
- rituální chování * MeSH
- rodina psychologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- štěstí * MeSH
- únava patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
