• MeSH
• DNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• duševní procesy MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• endokrinní systém fyziologie   MeSH
• epigenetická paměť MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• genetické jevy MeSH
• genom MeSH
• geny MeSH
• imunitní systém fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• nervový systém MeSH
• vědomí * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

This study explored the effects of music on the perception of outdoor urban environments, both built and natural. The participants (n = 74) evaluated five environments located on one walking route in terms of emotional and spatio-cognitive dimensions while listening to one of two types of music: upbeat and conventional or reflective and complex. We found only a very slight effect of music on the evaluation of the emotional and spatio-cognitive dimensions of the environment. The less complex upbeat and conventional music increased the perceived complexity of environments but only if participants took the route from less complex to more complex environments. The liking music mediated the effect of music in the evaluation of emotional dimensions of the environment. Furthermore, a less-liked environment negatively affected the liking of music heard in that environment. Reflective and complex music was perceived as more congruent with the environment than upbeat and conventional music, which is explained by musical fit theory. The features of the environments that were evaluated had a stronger effect on listeners than the music. Natural environments were perceived as more coherent, mysterious, pleasant, interesting, and energetic than built environments, regardless of the music. Moreover, a contrast effect was observed in which the features of the first environment evaluated influenced the evaluation of subsequent environments. It is suggested that the intensity of music may be an important factor for environmental evaluations, in addition to the specific situations in which the music is heard.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• hudba * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sluchová percepce * fyziologie   MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The current study examines the effects of trait aggressiveness, inhibitory control and emotional states on aggressive behavior in a laboratory paradigm. One hundred and fifty-one adult participants took part (73 men, 71 women, and 7 nondisclosed). Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during a Go/No-Go task were utilized to capture the extent of inhibitory processing, with a laboratory provocation paradigm used to assess aggression. Contrary to the expectations, negative affective responses to provocation were negatively associated only with short-lived aggression and only among those with high past aggressiveness. Furthermore, past aggressiveness was related to a continuous increase in laboratory aggressive behavior regardless of the level of inhibitory control (P3 difference amplitude). However, feeling hostile was associated with short-lived aggressive behavior, only in those with lower levels of inhibitory control. These findings demonstrate the effect of distinct mechanisms on different patterns of aggressive behavior.

• MeSH
• agrese * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• inhibice (psychologie) * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nepřátelství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We investigated neural correlates of Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) using the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE). ACE infuses context by presenting emotion expressions in a naturalistic group setting and distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions (signal), and bias due to perceiving additional, secondary emotions (noise). This social perception process is argued to induce perspective taking in addition to pattern matching in ERA. Thirty participants were presented with an fMRI-compatible adaptation of the ACE consisting of blocks of neutral and emotional faces in single and group-embedded settings. Participants rated the central character's expressions categorically or using scalar scales in consequent fMRI scans. Distinct brain activations were associated with the perception of emotional vs. neutral faces in the four conditions. Moreover, accuracy and bias scores from the original ACE task performed on another day were associated with brain activation during the scalar (vs. categorical) condition for emotional (vs. neutral) faces embedded in group. These findings suggest distinct cognitive mechanisms linked to each type of emotional rating and highlight the importance of considering cognitive bias in the assessment of social emotion perception.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek * fyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• bioaktivní peptidy ve stravě * fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• imunonutriční dieta MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• nemoc etiologie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinologie * MeSH
• nitrosativní stres MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• psychický stres imunologie   MeSH
• psychoneuroimunologie * MeSH
• výchova a vzdělávání MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Despite the extensive knowledge about the effects of chronic stress on cognition, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional moderation analysis on a population-based sample of 596 adults to examine the age- and sex-specific role of emotion regulation (ER) in the relationship between chronic stress and cognitive performance using validated self-report questionnaires. While women showed no direct or moderated relationship between stress and cognition, men displayed a distinct age-related pattern where stress was negatively associated with poorer cognitive performance at older ages, and the onset of this relationship was detected earlier in men with ER problems. These results showed that suppression of emotions and lack of executive control of ER amplify the negative consequences of chronic stress and suggest that there are sex-specific differences in the decline of ability to cope with long-term exposure to stressors.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• emoční regulace * MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• afektivní symptomy patologie   MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• emoční regulace MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Pathophysiology explanations for functional movement disorders often assume a role for emotional hyperarousal. Pupillometry is a validated method for evaluation of emotional arousal by detecting changes in pupil size in response to emotional stimuli. In a case-control study design, we aimed to study objective and subjective emotional arousal using pupillometry and affective ratings. To assess attentional engagement by affective stimuli, we used videooculographic tracking of eye movement patterns (scanpath). METHODS: Twenty-five female patients with functional movement disorders (mean age: 40.9 [SD 12.7] years) and 23 age matched healthy female controls participated in the study. Using infrared high-resolution eye-tracker, both pupil size and eye movement pattern in response to emotionally charged erotic, adventure, threat, victim, and neutral pictures were recorded along with subjective ratings of emotional valence and arousal of the presented pictures. RESULTS: A between-group comparison showed significantly smaller pupil dilation to adventure stimuli compared to neutral stimuli in patients compared to controls (P < 0.004, bootstrap, uncorr., adj. η2 = 0.00). No significant difference in pupillary response to other stimuli and scanpath parameters was found between the groups. Patients rated significantly lower emotional arousal to erotic pictures than controls (P < 0.001, bootstrap, uncorr., adj. η2 = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This study did not find evidence of autonomous or subjective emotional hyperarousal. The mismatch between objective autonomic measures and subjective arousal ratings in patients is of pathophysiological interest and in line with recent findings of impaired interoception in functional movement disorders.

• MeSH
• arousal * fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• konverzní poruchy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pozornost MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Many studies have demonstrated that exposure to simulated natural scenes has positive effects on emotions and reduces stress. In the present study, we investigated emotional facial expressions while viewing images of various types of natural environments. Both automated facial expression analysis by iMotions' AFFDEX 8.1 software (iMotions, Copenhagen, Denmark) and self-reported emotions were analyzed. Attractive and unattractive natural images were used, representing either open or closed natural environments. The goal was to further understand the actual features and characteristics of natural scenes that could positively affect emotional states and to evaluate face reading technology to measure such effects. It was predicted that attractive natural scenes would evoke significantly higher levels of positive emotions than unattractive scenes. The results showed generally small values of emotional facial expressions while observing the images. The facial expression of joy was significantly higher than that of other registered emotions. Contrary to predictions, there was no difference between facial emotions while viewing attractive and unattractive scenes. However, the self-reported emotions evoked by the images showed significantly larger differences between specific categories of images in accordance with the predictions. The differences between the registered emotional facial expressions and self-reported emotions suggested that the participants more likely described images in terms of common stereotypes linked with the beauty of natural environments. This result might be an important finding for further methodological considerations.

• MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study investigated whether differences between personality styles in the processing of social stimuli reflect variability in underlying general-purpose or social-specific neurocognitive mechanisms. Sixty-five individuals classified previously into two distinct personality profiles underwent high-density electroencephalography whilst performing tasks that tap into both aspects of cognitive processing - namely, two distinct facets of general-purpose response inhibition (interference resolution and action withholding) during social information processing. To determine the stage of processing at which personality differences manifest, we assessed event-related components associated with the early visual discrimination of social stimuli (N170, N190) and later more general conflict-related processes (N2, P3). Although a performance index of interference resolution was comparable between the personality profiles, differences were detected in action withholding. Specifically, individuals expressing a wider repertoire of personality styles and more adaptive emotion regulation performed significantly better at withholding inappropriate actions to neutral faces presented in emotional contexts compared with those exhibiting stronger preferences for fewer and less adaptive personality styles and more ruminative affective tendencies. At the neurophysiological level, however, difference between the profiles was observed in brain responses elicited to the same stimuli within the N170. These results indicate that neural processes related to early visual discrimination might contribute to differences in the suppression of inappropriate responses towards social stimuli in populations with different personality dispositions.

• MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * metody   MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• evokované potenciály * fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH