Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavonoid showing several health promoting effects such as protective activity during severe alcohol intoxication. The mechanism underlying the effects of DHM on alcohol metabolism is virtually unknown. The present paper is focused on clarifying the role of DHM in the liver alcohol elimination at its molecular level. First, impact of DHM on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in vitro and the enzyme induction in vivo was examined. Neither the ADH activity nor the enzyme expression were influenced by DHM. Next, the effect of DHM during alcohol intoxication were studied on primary hepatocytes isolated from EtOH-premedicated and untreated rats. The viability of cells exposed to alcohol, estimated based on the released enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was slightly affected by DHM. Although the expected hepatoprotective effect of DHM was not fully achieved, DHM (in a concentration manner) proved to reduce the level of ROS/RNS in hepatocytes. However, no change in the rate of alcohol metabolism in vivo was found when rats were administered with a single or repeated dose of ethanol supplemented with DHM. In conclusion, the proposed positive effect of DHM during alcohol intoxication has not been proven. Moreover, there is no effect of DHM on the alcohol metabolism. The "hoped-for" DHM hepatoprotective activity can be attributed to the reduction of ROS/RNS levels in cells.
- MeSH
- alkoholdehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2E1 metabolismus MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus MeSH
- flavonoly farmakologie MeSH
- hepatocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace MeSH
- nitrosativní stres účinky léků MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this year there is the 40th anniversary of the first publication of plant nitric oxide (NO) emission by Lowell Klepper. In the decades since then numerous milestone discoveries have revealed that NO is a multifunctional molecule in plant cells regulating both plant development and stress responses. Apropos of the anniversary, these authors aim to review and discuss the developments of past concepts in plant NO research related to NO metabolism, NO signaling, NO's action in plant growth and in stress responses and NO's interactions with other reactive compounds. Despite the long-lasting research efforts and the accumulating experimental evidences numerous questions are still needed to be answered, thus future challenges and research directions have also been drawn up.
- MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin * MeSH
- nitrátreduktasa fyziologie MeSH
- nitrosativní stres fyziologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- rozmnožování fyziologie MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- symbióza fyziologie MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of berbamine (BBM) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced changes in cardiac marker enzymes, myocardial oxidative stress, lipid profile and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male Wistar rats. Rats were pretreated with BBM (25 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injection for 7 days followed by induction of myocardial infarction (MI) by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) for last two days. Key findings: In the present study, the histopathological findings of the heart tissue showed that BBM treatment significantly minimized the damage induced by ISO. BBM pretreatment showed a significant decrease in heart weight, serum marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation and significant increase in cardiac endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants compared to the ISO-treated group. In addition, we observed significantly upregulated eNOS expression and downregulated iNOS expression in BBM pretreated group. Thus, BBM protected the rat’s heart from ISO-induced myocardial infarction by its antioxidant, and antilipidemic properties. Significance: The results of the present investigation suggested that BBM efficiently ameliorated the ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
- MeSH
- benzylisochinoliny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- infarkt myokardu farmakoterapie chemicky indukované patofyziologie MeSH
- isoprenalin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kardiotonika MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- nitrosativní stres účinky léků MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II účinky léků MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III účinky léků MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- FRM - fyziologická regulační medicína - protokoly,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- duševní vyhoření imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- komplementární terapie MeSH
- kyselina askorbová aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- mitochondrie imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nitrosativní stres imunologie MeSH
- oxidační stres imunologie MeSH
- psychický stres imunologie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- syndrom dráždivého tračníku imunologie MeSH
- zánět enzymologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
MAIN CONCLUSION: This review provides insights into As toxicity in plants with focus on photosynthesis and sugar metabolism as important arsenic targets and simultaneously defence tools against accompanying oxidative stress. Heavy metal contamination is a great problem all over the world. Arsenic, a metalloid occurring naturally in the Earth's crust, also massively spreads out in the environment by human activities. Its accumulation in crops poses a severe health risk to humans and animals. Besides the restriction of human-caused contamination, there are two basic ways how to cope with the problem: first, to limit arsenic accumulation in harvestable parts of the crops; second, to make use of some arsenic hyperaccumulating plants for phytoremediation of contaminated soils and waters. Progress in the use of both strategies depends strongly on the level of our knowledge on the physiological and morphological processes resulting from arsenic exposure. Arsenic uptake is mediated preferentially by P and Si transporters and its accumulation substantially impairs plant metabolism at numerous levels including damages through oxidative stress. Rice is a predominantly studied crop where substantial progress has been made in understanding of the mechanisms of arsenic uptake, distribution, and detoxification, though many questions still remain. Full exploitation of plant potential for soil and water phytoremediations also requires deep understanding of the plant response to this toxic metalloid. The aim of this review is to summarize data regarding the effect of arsenic on plant physiology with a focus on mechanisms providing increased arsenic tolerance and/or hyperaccumulation. The emphasis is placed on the topic unjustifiably neglected in the previous reviews - i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, tightly connected to photosynthesis, and beside others involved in plant ability to cope with arsenic-induced oxidative and nitrosative stresses.
- MeSH
- arsen metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů účinky léků MeSH
- nitrosativní stres účinky léků MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc klasifikace MeSH
- idiopatická plicní fibróza klasifikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrosativní stres MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- seznamy čekatelů MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
