BACKGROUND: With the development of multidisciplinary addictology teams, the ability of an addictologist to reliably assess personality psychopathology can be considered an important prerequisite that significantly enters the process of treatment planning. AIMS: Verification of the reliability and validity of the assessment of personality psychopathology in master's students of Addictology (addiction science) based on the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) scoring course. METHODS: 31 Master's students of Addictology independently evaluated 7 STIPO protocols based on recordings. The presented patients were unknown to the students. The resulting scores of students were compared with 1. expert scores of a clinical psychologist with extensive experience with the STIPO; 2. scores of 4 psychologists without previous experience with the STIPO who have attended the course; 3. information on previous clinical experience and education of the students. The comparison of scores was performed using a coefficient of intraclass correlation, a social relation model analysis and linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS: Students demonstrated a high degree of inter-rater reliability with a significant degree of agreement in patient assessments, as well as a high to satisfactory degree of validity in the STIPO assessments. An increase in validity after the individual phases of the course was not proven. Their evaluations were generally independent of previous education, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic experience. CONCLUSIONS: The STIPO seems to be a useful tool to facilitate the communication of personality psychopathology between independent experts within multidisciplinary addictology teams. Training in the STIPO can be a useful addition to the study curriculum.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnost * MeSH
• poruchy osobnosti * diagnóza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
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• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The study investigated antecedents of attitudes towards vaccines against COVID-19 and vaccination behaviour, and sought to identify areas where interventions aimed at increasing vaccination rates would be most effective. A sample of 500 Slovaks (250 women) responded to questions concerning their socio-demographic and personality characteristics, collectivism and individualism, consciousness of future consequences, and emotional responses to both vaccination and the pandemic. The study indicates that helplessness related to the vaccine efficacy evaluation and fear of its potential risks are the strongest antecedents of vaccination behaviour and anti-vaccination attitudes. Jointly with the fear of the COVID-19, they explained over 26% and 33% of variance in behaviour and attitudes, respectively. The results indicate that the efficiency of appeals to solidarity may be limited when fear and helplessness are widespread as they seem to strongly outweigh individuals' outward motivations to get vaccinated.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• sociální spravedlnost MeSH
• strach psychologie   MeSH
• vakcinace psychologie   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH
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• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This replication of a study by >Rutchick, Slepian, and Ferris (2010) examines the influence of the colour of a pen on the activation of associations with failure and the focus on errors. We assigned two tasks to 198 students who completed them using either a red or a blue pen. The students were instructed to complete several word stems in the first task. In the second, we asked them to mark mistakes in a text. The participants using red pens completed significantly more word stems with words associated with failure than those using blue pens. The participants using red pens also marked significantly more mistakes in a text than those using blue pens. Our results support the findings of the original study and the hypothesized influence of the colour red in inducing a higher activation of associations with failure and a heightened focus on mistakes. Our study further contributes to research in this area in that it takes into account the participants' field of study and creates an explicit achievement context in which the observed phenomenon is most prevalent.

• MeSH
• barva * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• úspěšnost * MeSH
• vnímání barev fyziologie   MeSH
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• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aerial photographs depict objects from an overhead position, which gives them several unusual visual characteristics that are challenging for viewers to perceive and memorize. However, even for untrained viewers, aerial photographs are still meaningful and rich with contextual information. Such visual stimulus properties are considered appropriate and important when testing for expertise effects in visual recognition memory. The current experiment investigated memory recognition in expert image analysts and untrained viewers using two types of aerial photographs. The experts were better than untrained viewers at recognizing both vertical aerial photographs, which is the domain of their expertise, and oblique aerial photographs. Thus, one notable finding is that the superior memory performance of experts is not limited to a domain of expertise but extends to a broader category of large-scale landscape scenes. Furthermore, the experts' recognition accuracy remained relatively stable throughout the experimental conditions, illustrating the ability to use semantic information over strictly visual information in memory processes.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotografování metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odborná způsobilost * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace metody   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• korová synchronizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH