The genetic correlates of extreme impulsive violence are poorly understood, and there have been few studies that have characterized a large group of affected individuals both clinically and genetically. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 290 males with the life-course-persistent, extremely impulsively violent form of antisocial personality disorder (APD) and analyzed the spectrum of rare protein-truncating variants (rPTVs). Comparisons were made with 314 male controls and publicly available genotype data. Functional annotation tools were used for biological interpretation. Participants were significantly more likely to harbor rPTVs in genes that are intolerant to loss-of-function variants (odds ratio [OR] 2.06; p < 0.001), specifically expressed in brain (OR 2.80; p = 0.036) and enriched for those involved in neurotransmitter transport and synaptic processes. In 60 individuals (20%), we identified rPTVs that we classified as clinically relevant based on their clinical associations, biological function and gene expression patterns. Of these, 37 individuals harbored rPTVs in 23 genes that are associated with a monogenic neurological disorder, and 23 individuals harbored rPTVs in 20 genes reportedly intolerant to loss-of-function variants. The analysis presents evidence in support of a model where presence of either one or several private, functionally relevant mutations contribute significantly to individual risk of life-course-persistent APD and reveals multiple individuals who could be affected by clinically unrecognized neuropsychiatric Mendelian disease. Thus, Mendelian diseases and increased rPTV burden may represent important factors for the development of extremely impulsive violent life-course-persistent forms of APD irrespective of their clinical presentation.
- MeSH
- agrese * MeSH
- asociální osobnost * genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- násilí psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
119 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 21 cm
Publikácia sa zameriava terapiu založené na mentalizácii. Obsahuje tiež kazuistiku liečby hraničnej poruchy osobnosti pomocou tejto metódy. Určené odbroné verejnosti.
- MeSH
- hraniční porucha osobnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- terapie založená na mentalizaci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
- NLK Obory
- psychoterapie
Vydání první 303 stran : ilustrace ; 21 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na různé aspekty hraniční poruchy osobnosti. Určeno široké veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- duševní poruchy dějiny MeSH
- hraniční porucha osobnosti * MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy dějiny MeSH
- sociální sítě MeSH
- sociální změna dějiny MeSH
- západní svět dějiny MeSH
- životní styl dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
Potíže spojené s emoční nestabilitou jsou v adolescenci časté a diagnostikování poruchy osobnosti už v tomto věku se stává běžnější. Jedná se o významnou skupinu pacientů, obzvlášť když uvážíme, že se tato porucha vyskytovala až u 76 % adolescentů, kteří vyhledali péči pro suicidální úvahy. Rodinné prostředí hraje roli při vzniku emočně nestabilní poruchy osobnosti a zároveň jsou blízcí těmito potížemi také významně zasaženi. Existuje několik terapeutických postupů, které byly adaptovány i pro emočně nestabilní adolescenty a vykazují efektivitu v jejich léčbě. Zapojení rodiny v léčbě je nezbytné. Tento článek se věnuje roli rodiny a možnostem zapojení rodinných příslušníků emočně nestabilních adolescentů v jejich léčbě
Difficulties associated with emotional instability are frequent in adolescence, and the diagnosis of personality disorders at this age is becoming common. The importance of this group of patients is evident, when we consider that this disorder was present in up to 76 % of adolescents who sought care for suicidal ideation. Family environment plays a role in the pathogenesis of emotionally unstable personality disorder, while on the other hand, relatives are also significantly affected by this disorder. There are several therapeutic procedures that have been adapted for emotionally unstable adolescents and show effectiveness in their treatment. Family involvement in the treatment is essential. This article explores the role of the family and the possibilities of involvement of family members of emotionally unstable adolescents in their treatment
Společnost ; sv. 6
Druhé, doplněné vydání 341 stran : ilustrace ; 24 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na antisociální osobnosti v pracovním prostředí a na to, jak se jim bránit. Určeno široké veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- geriatrická psychiatrie * MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy etiologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porucha chování etiologie psychologie MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti etiologie psychologie MeSH
- psychologická teorie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři psychologie MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři psychologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Práca sa venuje Kurtovi Schneiderovi, predstaviteľovi klasickej nemeckej psychiatrickej školy, uvádza jeho krátky profesionálny životopis a základné tézy jeho nosných odborných tém.
This work is dealing with one of the members of German psychiatric school, Kurt Schneider, it brings his short biography and his basic professional topics.
- MeSH
- asociální osobnost * klasifikace MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti etiologie MeSH
- psychiatrie * dějiny MeSH
- schizofrenie klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
BACKGROUND: It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals. METHODS: To test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g. Confucian, Anglo). The ASR is scored on 17 problem scales, plus a personal strengths scale. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. Multi-level analyses of covariance tested age and gender effects. RESULTS: Across the 17 problem scales, the variance accounted for by individual differences ranged from 80.3% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems to 95.2% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality (mean = 90.7%); by society: 3.2% for DSM-oriented somatic problems to 8.0% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 6.3%); and by culture cluster: 0.0% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality to 11.6% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 3.0%). For strengths, individual differences accounted for 80.8% of variance, societal differences 10.5%, and cultural differences 8.7%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, adults' self-ratings of mental health problems and strengths were associated much more with individual differences than societal/cultural differences, although this varied across scales. These findings support cross-cultural use of standardized measures to assess mental health problems, but urge caution in assessment of personal strengths.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- individualita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti * psychologie MeSH
- úzkost MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Schizotypia predstavuje teoretický konštrukt reprezentujúci náchylnosť k rozvoju porúch z okruhu schizofrenického spektra. Všeobecne je definovaná ako stabilná multidimenzionálna štruktúra osobnosti. Ako teoretický rámec umožňuje koncepčne uchopiť výraznú heterogenitu fenotypických prejavov porúch schizofrenického spektra. Cieľom článku je opísať koncept schizotypie a priblížiť jeho štruktúru a fenomenologické prejavy. Autori sa zamerali na porovnanie troch najvýznamnejších taxonometrických a dimenzionálnych modelov schizotypie. Postupne predstavili Meehlov, Eysenckov a Claridgov model. V poslednej časti autori priblížili aktuálne možnosti merania tohto konštruktu v rámci psychopatologického výskumu.
Schizotypes is a theoretical construct representing a predisposition to the onset of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It is defined as a stable multidimensional personality organization. As a theoretical framework, it allows conceptually grasping heterogeneity of phenotypic expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept of schizotypy and its phenomenological expression. The authors focused on a comparison of the three most prominent taxonometric and dimensional models. They reviewed Meehl’s, Eysenck’s, and Claridge’s models. In the last section, the authors reviewed the current self-report tools that can be used in the psychopathological research.
- Klíčová slova
- schizotypie,
- MeSH
- endofenotypy * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- schizofrenie MeSH
- schizotypální porucha osobnosti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Much of the burgeoning research on adult attachment in organizational settings has utilized assessment methods developed for personal or social relationships contexts. Here, we propose and test a novel framework for assessing attachment orientations in the workplace, the Experiences in Work Relationships-Individual (EWR-I), based on a conceptualization of the regulatory functions of attachment dynamics. Using data from two samples comprising early career starters and employees in the Czech Republic (N = 588 and N = 633) analyses confirmed the bifactorial structure of the new scale corresponding to "interpersonal hyperactivation" (involving emotional instability, negative emotionality, and lack of appreciation in work relationships) and a second factor termed "interpersonal deactivation" (involving distancing from others and relationships at work, mistrust and inhibition of positive emotionality). Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity against general relational assessments of adult attachment, and predictive and construct validity against measures of workplace personality, organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior further documented the nature and utility of the new scale. We argue that interpersonal hyperactivation and deactivation represent two distinct and measurable key components of attachment behavior dynamics at work.
- MeSH
- afektivní symptomy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobnost * MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti MeSH
- pracoviště MeSH
- připoutání k objektu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
