Research shows that male body odor plays an important role in women's mate choice and that olfactory abilities are associated with women's sexual functioning. What remains unclear is what types of partner's odor actually shape women's experience during intimate activities. This study therefore explored women's experience associated with the partner's various odors and investigated how they affect women's intimate and sexual encounters. We performed semi-structured individual interviews with 20 single women and 20 women in a long-term relationship. Thematic analysis revealed four key natural odor types of the partner: body odor, sweat, genital odor, and semen odor. Further, we have identified three main types of fragrance odor (cologne, shower gel, and laundry agents) and investigated their perception in both intimate (hugging, kissing, cuddling, lying side by side) and sexual (intercourse, oral sex, ejaculation) contexts. Both partner's natural odor and fragrance affected women's emotional state (ranging from pleasant to unpleasant) and behavioral response (ranging from approach to avoidance of partner). Women's odor perception was frequently context-dependent, so that even mostly negatively perceived odors (e.g., semen, genital odor) were often accepted as part of sexual encounter. Finally, women's perception was negatively modified by partner's specific sweat (after workday, workout, or when the partner is ill) during intimate encounters. Our results highlight the complexity and interindividual variability of partner's odor perception.
- MeSH
- čich fyziologie MeSH
- čichová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odoranty * MeSH
- pot MeSH
- sexuální chování * psychologie MeSH
- sexuální partneři * psychologie MeSH
- sperma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Comparison of oocytes at the initial and final stages of meiotic division characterized candidate proteins that were differentially synthesized during in vitro maturation. While the biosynthesis of many of these proteins was significantly decreased, we found four proteins with increased biosynthetic rate, which are supposed to play an essential role in meiosis. Among them, the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) was identified by mass spectrometry. To study the regulatory role of UCH-L1 in the process of meiosis in pig model, we used a specific inhibitor of this enzyme, marked C30, belonging to the class of isatin O-acyl oximes. When germinal vesicle (GV) stage cumulus-enclosed oocytes were treated with C30, GV breakdown was inhibited after 28 h of culture, and most of the oocytes were arrested at the first meiosis after 44 h. The block of metaphase I-anaphase transition was not completely reversible. In addition, the inhibition of UCH-L1 resulted in elevated histone H1 kinase activity, corresponding to cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK1)-cyclin B1 complex, and a low level of monoubiquitin. These results supported the hypothesis that UCH-L1 might play a role in metaphase I-anaphase transition by regulating ubiquitin-dependent proteasome mechanisms. In summary, a proteomic approach coupled with protein verification study revealed an essential role of UCH-L1 in the completion of the first meiosis and its transition to anaphase.
- MeSH
- encefalitogenní základní proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunoblotting MeSH
- indoly MeSH
- meióza fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- oocyty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oximy farmakologie MeSH
- proteasomový endopeptidasový komplex MeSH
- proteinkinasa CDC2 analýza metabolismus MeSH
- proteinkinasy analýza MeSH
- thiolesterasa ubikvitinu metabolismus MeSH
- ubikvitin MeSH
- vaječné proteiny analýza biosyntéza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is a chromosomal passenger protein that is essential for a number of processes during mitosis. Its activity is regulated by association with two other passenger proteins, INCENP and Survivin, and by phosphorylation on Thr 232. In this study, we examine expression and phosphorylation on Thr-232 of AURKB during meiotic maturation of pig oocytes in correlation with histone H3 phosphorylation and chromosome condensation. We show that histone H3 phosphorylation on Ser-10, but not on Ser-28, correlates with progressive chromosome condensation during oocyte maturation; Ser-10 phosphorylation starts around the time of the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, with the maximal activity in metaphase I, whereas Ser-28 phosphorylation does not significantly change in maturing oocytes. Treatment of oocytes with 50 microM butyrolactone I (BL-I), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, or cycloheximide (10 microg/ml), inhibitor of proteosynthesis, results in a block of oocytes in the germinal vesicle stage, when nuclear membrane remains intact; however, condensed chromosome fibers or highly condensed chromosome bivalents can be seen in the nucleoplasm of BL-I- or cycloheximide-treated oocytes, respectively. In these treated oocytes, no or only very weak AURKB activity and phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser-10 can be detected after 27 h of treatment, whereas phosphorylation on Ser-28 is not influenced. These results suggest that AURKB activity and Ser-10 phosphorylation of histone H3 are not required for chromosome condensation in pig oocytes, but might be required for further processing of chromosomes during meiosis.
- MeSH
- benzamidy farmakologie MeSH
- chinazoliny farmakologie MeSH
- chromozomy fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- cykloheximid farmakologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fosforylace fyziologie MeSH
- gama-butyrolakton analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- histony metabolismus MeSH
- meióza fyziologie MeSH
- oocyty růst a vývoj MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- protein-serin-threoninkinasy antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
