The metabolic form of vitamin A, retinol, has a pivotal role in the nervous system development and neuronal differentiation, both during embryogenesis through maternal-fetal support and in the early postnatal life. Retinoic acid was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight to pregnant female rats through days 8-10 of gestation. Spinal cord sections were processed for histochemical visualization one day after birth and on day 21, when weaning is expected. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were found in the dorsal horn, around the central canal, and at the intermediolateral cell column on postnatal days 1 and 21 in both control and experimental groups. There were no NADPHd-positive structures in the ventral horn. The results suggest that prenatal administration of high doses of retinoic acid is not associated with postnatal morphological changes in NADPH-d-positive neurons in the rat spinal cord. Levels of antioxidants and related enzymes in retinoid storage organs were measured to estimate possible side effects. The activities of enzymes detoxifying superoxide radicals and peroxides were supressed after birth. A decrease in the level of reduced glutathione was observed on postnatal day 21, indicating an unbalanced redox environment.

• MeSH
• játra účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mícha účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• NADP metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vitamin A aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

False drugs are unsafe products that are manufactured using incorrect, inactive, or harmful ingredients. These drugs are packaged and labeled to look like real trademark generic drugs to deceive the consumer. Chemical analysis is a crucial step in distinguishing original pharmaceutics and fakes. HPLC and MS analyses are standard methods for identification and quantitation of active ingredients and impurities. Thus they are often used to corroborate the results of less sophisticated methods such as colorimetry, TLC, GS, Raman, NIR, FTIR and NMR spectrometries. The analytical methods should be employed in forensic laboratories.

• MeSH
• artemisininy * analýza   klasifikace   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické * metody   využití   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě metody   využití   MeSH
• chromatografie plynová metody   využití   MeSH
• farmaceutický průmysl zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• inhibitory fosfodiesteras * analýza   MeSH
• kolorimetrie metody   využití   MeSH
• kontaminace léku * prevence a kontrola   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• padělané léky * analýza   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací metody   přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status of rat liver in various periods of postnatal development after affecting the pregnancy by high doses of vitamin A. Wistar rats of both sexes were used. Vitamin A (10 mg per kg of body weight) was administered to rats in gestation on days 8 through 10 per os. Biological activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured spectrophotometrically in experimental groups and controls. Superoxide dismutase showed a significant activity increase on postnatal day 7 in the experimental group. The glutathione peroxidase activity was highest on postnatal day 7 and showed a significant increase on day 14 in the experimental group. Glutathione reductase activity significantly increased only on days 1 and 21 and decreased on day 7. The glutathione content remained relatively constant in both groups although a slight depletion on day 7, in parallel to enzyme activities, suggested a higher level of oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that hypervitaminosis A in pregnancy does not influence the postnatal antioxidant status.

• MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hypervitaminóza A embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• jaterní mitochondrie enzymologie   MeSH
• játra enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• spektrofotometrie metody   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vitamin A aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• volné radikály metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH