The concentrations and congener profiles of polychlorinated benzenes, phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans, measured in raw flue gases of a real MSWI plant, are discussed in this paper. The data covers steady-state and transient operation conditions, including the memory effect period close to two shutdowns. The highest levels of concentrations of the pollutants were observed the first day after the shutdown with subsequent gradual decrease towards steady-state values. The conditions of the steady-state period prior to shutdown are decisive for the increase of start-up values, memory effect values and memory effect length. We found that the above-mentioned pollutants had a different length of the memory effect period. It can be concluded that under plant transient operation the formation of pollutants by the de novo synthesis is higher than under steady-state conditions.
- MeSH
- benzofurany analýza MeSH
- chlorbenzeny analýza MeSH
- chlorfenoly analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- plyny chemie MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- spalování odpadů * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study reports on the first complex data set of emission factors (EFs) of selected pollutants from combustion of five fuel types (lignite, bituminous coal, spruce, beech, and maize) in six different domestic heating appliances of various combustion designs. The effect of fuel as well as the effect of boiler type was studied. In total, 46 combustion runs were performed, during which numerous EFs were measured, including the EFs of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), etc. The highest EFs of nonchlorinated pollutants were measured for old-type boilers with over-fire and under-fire designs and with manual stoking and natural draft. Emissions of the above-mentioned pollutants from modern-type boilers (automatic, downdraft) were 10 times lower or more. The decisive factor for emission rate of nonchlorinated pollutants was the type of appliance; the type of fuel plays only a minor role. Emissions of chlorinated pollutants were proportional mainly to the chlorine content in fuel, but the type of appliance also influenced the rate of emissions significantly. Surprisingly, higher EFs of PCDD/F from combustion of chlorinated bituminous coal were observed for modern-type boilers (downdraft, automatic) than for old-type ones. On the other hand, when bituminous coal was burned, higher emissions of HxCBz were found for old-type boilers than for modern-type ones.
- MeSH
- benzofurany analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- organické látky analýza MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- spalování odpadů MeSH
- vytápění MeSH
- zdroje energie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
