The different components of the mouthparts of hard ticks (Ixodidae) enable these parasites to penetrate host skin, secrete saliva, embed, and suck blood. Moreover, the tick's mouthparts represent a key route for saliva-assisted pathogen transmission as well as pathogen acquisition from blood meal during the tick feeding process. Much has been learned about the basic anatomy of the tick's mouthparts and in the broad outlines of how they function in previous studies. However, the precise mechanics of these functions are little understood. Here, we propose for the first time an animated model of the orchestration of the tick mouthparts and associated structures during blood meal acquisition and salivation. These two actions are known to alternate during tick engorgement. Specifically, our attention has been paid to the mechanism underlining the blood meal uptake into the pharynx through the mouth and how ticks prevent mixing the uptaken blood with secreted saliva. We animated function of muscles attached to the salivarium and their possible opening /closing of the salivarium, with a plausible explanation of the movement of saliva within the salivarium and massive outpouring of saliva.

• MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty parazitologie   MeSH
• klíště anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nymfa anatomie a histologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• salivace * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• ústa anatomie a histologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A high-resolution CCD X-ray camera based on YAG:Ce or LuAG:Ce thin scintillators is presented. The high resolution in low energy X-ray radiation is quantified with several test objects. The achieved spatial resolution of the images is <1 microm. The objects used for imaging are grids and small animals with parts of several microns in extent. The high-resolution imaging system can be used with different types of ionizing radiation (X-ray, electron, UV, and VUV) and for non-destructive micro-radiography and synchrotron beam inspection.

• MeSH
• analýza selhání vybavení MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• rentgenový obraz - interpretace počítačová metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• vylepšení rentgenového snímku přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH