Nanomaterials or nanoparticles are commonly used in the cosmetics, medicine, and food industries. Many researchers studied the possible side effects of several nanoparticles including aluminum oxide (Al2O3-nps) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-nps). Although, there is limited information available on their direct or side effects, especially on the brain, heart, and lung functions. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and lung toxicity induced by Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps or in combination via studying changes in gene expression, alteration in cytokine production, tumor suppressor protein p53, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and the histological and morphological changes. Obtained results showed that Al2O3-nps, ZnO-nps and their combination cause an increase in 8-hydroxy-2 ́-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytokines, p53, oxidative stress, creatine kinase, norepinephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and lipid profile. Moreover, significant changes in the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor-A (mtTFA) and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) were also noted. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), neurotransmitters (dopamine - DA, and serotonin - SER), and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in the brain, heart, and lung were found. Additionally, these results were confirmed by histological examinations. The present study revealed that the toxic effects were more when these nanoparticle doses are used in combination. Thus, Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps may behave as neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, and lung toxic, especially upon exposure to rats in combination.
- MeSH
- acetylcholin farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice * toxicita MeSH
- oxid hlinitý toxicita MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý * toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- plíce metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Para-coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant derived secondary metabolite belonging to the phenolic compounds. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and found mainly in fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed its scavenging and antioxidative properties in the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. This evidence-based review focuses on the protective role of p-CA including its therapeutic potential. p-CA and its conjugates possesses various bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenic properties. Due to its potent free radical scavenging activity, it can mitigate the ill effects of various diseases including arthritis, neurological disorders, and cardio-vascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that p-CA can ameliorate the harmful effects associated with oxidative stress in the reproductive system, also by inhibiting enzymes linked with erectile function.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
