Leishmania is a genus of the family Trypanosomatidae that unites obligatory parasitic flagellates causing a variety of vector-borne diseases collectively called leishmaniasis. The symptoms range from relatively innocuous skin lesions to complete failures of visceral organs. The disease is exacerbated if a parasite harbors Leishmania RNA viruses (LRVs) of the family Pseudototiviridae. Screening a novel isolate of L. braziliensis, we revealed that it possesses not a toti-, but a bunyavirus of the family Leishbuviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is a very first discovery of a bunyavirus infecting a representative of the Leishmania subgenus Viannia. We suggest that these viruses may serve as potential factors of virulence in American leishmaniasis and encourage researchers to test leishmanial strains for the presence of not only LRVs, but also other RNA viruses.
- MeSH
- Bunyaviridae classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Leishmania braziliensis * genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Orthobunyavirus genetics classification isolation & purification physiology MeSH
- RNA Viruses genetics classification isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Aedes virology MeSH
- Dengue epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Chikungunya Fever epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Zika Virus Infection epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors * virology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Virus Diseases epidemiology transmission MeSH
- La Crosse virus MeSH
- Yellow Fever epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology transmission prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Antiviral Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Dengue diagnosis epidemiology transmission therapy MeSH
- Hepatitis C diagnosis epidemiology drug therapy transmission MeSH
- HIV pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis, Japanese diagnosis transmission therapy MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors MeSH
- Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging * diagnosis epidemiology transmission prevention & control MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Yellow Fever Vaccine therapeutic use MeSH
- COVID-19 Vaccines therapeutic use MeSH
- Bunyamwera virus pathogenicity MeSH
- Chikungunya virus pathogenicity MeSH
- Dengue Virus pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese pathogenicity MeSH
- Sindbis Virus isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, California isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- West Nile Fever diagnosis epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Yellow Fever epidemiology transmission prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- COVID-19 diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Diseases * diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Sentinel Surveillance * MeSH
- Simbu virus isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Practice Guideline MeSH
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- MeSH
- Alphavirus pathogenicity MeSH
- Arbovirus Infections * diagnosis physiopathology transmission MeSH
- Arboviruses * pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis, St. Louis epidemiology physiopathology MeSH
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine diagnosis physiopathology transmission MeSH
- Flaviviridae pathogenicity MeSH
- Insect Vectors MeSH
- Chikungunya Fever physiopathology MeSH
- Alphavirus Infections diagnosis physiopathology transmission MeSH
- Zika Virus Infection diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis pathogenicity MeSH
- Zika Virus pathogenicity MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, California pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Bunyaviridae * classification pathogenicity MeSH
- Bunyaviridae Infections * etiology classification pathology prevention & control MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, California pathogenicity MeSH
- Zoonoses blood transmission virology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- MeSH
- Aedes * classification pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Anopheles pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Arbovirus Infections prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Dengue epidemiology classification prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Dirofilaria immitis pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Dirofilariasis MeSH
- Encephalitis, St. Louis prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Flavivirus classification pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Chikungunya Fever prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Encephalitis, Japanese prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Malaria prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Chikungunya virus pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- La Crosse virus pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- West Nile Fever epidemiology mortality prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Yellow Fever epidemiology mortality prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Článek podává přehled transmisivních onemocnění, která byla evidována v celostátním hlásícím programu EPIDAT v letech 2004–2013. Nejčastějšími vektorem přenášenými chorobami v ČR jsou lymeská borrelióza a klíšťová encefalitida. Nejčastěji importovanými nemocemi jsou horečka dengue a malárie. Význam transmisivních nákaz stoupá se změnami klimatu a narůstající oblibou cest do exotických zemí.
A review is presented of transmissible diseases reported to the national EPIDAT system in 2004-2013. The most frequent vector-borne diseases in the Czech Republic are Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. The most frequently imported diseases are dengue fever and malaria. Transmissible infections become of increasing concern with climate change and surge of interest in travel to exotic countries.
- MeSH
- Babesiosis epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Ehrlichiosis epidemiology drug therapy transmission MeSH
- Severe Dengue epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Disease Notification MeSH
- Bartonella Infections epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Disease Vectors * MeSH
- Communicable Diseases * epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne epidemiology MeSH
- Leishmaniasis epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lyme Disease epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Malaria epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Q Fever epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Tularemia epidemiology drug therapy transmission MeSH
- Age Distribution MeSH
- Chikungunya virus isolation & purification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Sandfly fever Naples virus isolation & purification pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, California isolation & purification pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- West Nile Fever epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Batai virus (BATV) is a poorly studied arthropod-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus (Bunyamwera serogroup) within the family Bunyaviridae. It has been associated with human influenza-like febrile illness in several Asian, African, and European countries. Čalovo virus (CVOV), isolated in 1960 in Slovakia, has been classified as BATV based on high antigenic similarity, and since then both CVOV and BATV were used as synonyms. In order to fully clarify the phylogenetic relationships between CVOV, BATV, and other members of the Bunyamwera serogroup, we performed whole genome sequencing of four CVOV strains isolated in Europe and phylogenetic analyses of all related viruses. The nucleocapsid protein, encoded by the S genomic segment, contains 233 amino acids, 60 of which, putatively critical for protein function, are conserved. Within the CVOV polyprotein encoded by the M genomic segment, putative cleavage sites, N-glycosylation sites, and seven transmembrane regions were identified. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, encoded by the L genome segment, exhibits conservation of the three regions known to be conserved among bunyavirus and arenavirus L proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of all three genomic segments of selected orthobunyaviruses clearly revealed that European and Asian/African strains of BATV are phylogenetically different and form two distinct lineages, indicating the existence of two different genotypes of BATV, tentatively named European genotype (with CVOV as a type strain) and Afro-Asian genotype (with BATV as a type strain) of BATV.
- MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genome, Viral * MeSH
- Genomics * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Orthobunyavirus classification genetics MeSH
- RNA, Viral MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MeSH
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MeSH
- Serogroup MeSH
- Viral Proteins genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Ťahyňa virus (TAHV), a member of the Bunyaviridae family (California complex), is an important but neglected human mosquito-borne pathogen. The virus genome is composed of three segments, i.e., small (S), medium (M), and large (L). Previous studies on genetic variability of viruses within the California complex were focused on S and M segments, but the L segment remains relatively unstudied. To assess the genetic variation and the relation to virus phenotype we analyzed the L segment sequences of biologically diverse TAHV strains isolated in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Phylogenetic analysis covering all available sequences of the L segment of TAHV clearly revealed two distinguished lineages, tentatively named as "European" and "Asian". The L segment strains within the European lineage are highly conserved (identity 99.3%), whilst Asian strains are more genetically diverse (identity 97%). Based on sequence comparison with other bunyaviruses, several non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions unique for TAHV in the L segment were identified. We also identified specific residue substitutions in the endonuclease domain of TAHV compared with the La Crosse virus. Since the endonuclease domain of the La Crosse virus has been resolved, we employed an all energy landscape algorithm to analyze the ligand migration of a viral polymerase inhibitor. This allowed us to demonstrate, at the atomic level, that this viral polymerase inhibitor randomly explored the specific residue substitutions in the endonuclease domain of the TAHV L segment.
- MeSH
- Antiviral Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Genome, Viral genetics MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- RNA, Viral genetics MeSH
- Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
- Base Sequence MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Sequence Alignment MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Viral genetics MeSH
- Viral Proteins genetics MeSH
- Encephalitis Virus, California drug effects genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
