BACKGROUND: The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) collected data on epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of patients with culture-proven candidaemia across Europe to assess how adherence to guideline recommendations is associated with outcomes. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, 64 participating hospitals located in 20 European countries, with the number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size, included the first ten consecutive adults with culture-proven candidaemia after July 1, 2018, and entered data into the ECMM Candida Registry (FungiScope CandiReg). We assessed ECMM Quality of Clinical Candidaemia Management (EQUAL Candida) scores reflecting adherence to recommendations of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. FINDINGS: 632 patients with candidaemia were included from 64 institutions. Overall 90-day mortality was 43% (265/617), and increasing age, intensive care unit admission, point increases in the Charlson comorbidity index score, and Candida tropicalis as causative pathogen were independent baseline predictors of mortality in Cox regression analysis. EQUAL Candida score remained an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariable Cox regression analyses after adjusting for the baseline predictors, even after restricting the analysis to patients who survived for more than 7 days after diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1·08 [95% CI 1·04-1·11; p<0·0001] in patients with a central venous catheter and 1·09 [1·05-1·13; p<0·0001] in those without one, per one score point decrease). Median duration of hospital stay was 15 days (IQR 4-30) after diagnosis of candidaemia and was extended specifically for completion of parenteral therapy in 100 (16%) of 621 patients. Initial echinocandin treatment was associated with lower overall mortality and longer duration of hospital stay among survivors than treatment with other antifungals. INTERPRETATION: Although overall mortality in patients with candidaemia was high, our study indicates that adherence to clinical guideline recommendations, reflected by higher EQUAL Candida scores, might increase survival. New antifungals, with similar activity as current echinocandins but with longer half-lives or oral bioavailability, are needed to reduce duration of hospital stay. FUNDING: Scynexis.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Candida * MeSH
- dodržování směrnic MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kandidemie * farmakoterapie epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Candidemia is one of the significant causes of mortality amongst critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and antifungal susceptibility pattern in candidemia cases admitted in ICU in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan from June 2021 to November 2021. Candida species isolated from blood culture of clinically suspected patients of sepsis were defined as candidemia cases. Blood culture and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed as per standard laboratory protocol. Analyses of risk factors was done between candidemia cases and matched controls in a ratio of 1 : 3. Forty-six candidemic cases and 150 matched controls were included in the study. C. tropicalis was the most prevalent species (22/46; 48%) followed by C. auris (8/46; 17%) and C. albicans (7/46; 15%). Candida species showed good sensitivity to echinocandins (97%) followed by amphotericin B (87%) and voriconazole (80%). In multivariate analysis, longer stay in ICU, presence of an indwelling device, use of immunosuppressive drugs and positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with increased risk of candidemia. The constant evaluation of risk factors is required as prediction of risks associated with candidemia may help to guide targeted preventive measures with reduced morbidity and mortality.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Candida MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
- kandidemie * epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
Cíl práce: Kandidémie patří mezi poměrně časté infekční komplikace u kriticky nemocných pacientů. V posledním desetiletí se díky novým terapeutickým přístupům (zejména u některých skupin pacientů) mění spektrum kvasinek, které infekci způsobují. Předkládaná multicentrická studie si dala za úkol získat aktuální informace o epidemiologické situaci týkající se invazivních kandidóz (IC) v České republice. Materiál a metody: Do souboru byla zařazena data pacientů s kultivačně pozitivním nálezem kvasinky v krvi z 11 mikrobiologických pracovišť v České republice v rozmezí let 2012–2015. Byla hodnocena incidence, zastoupení jednotlivých kvasinkových druhů podle sledovaných let, podle věku a podle odborností. Dále byl posouzen vliv kolonizace a nakonec zda IC předcházela přítomnost toxigenního kmene Clostridium difficile ve stolici. U části izolovaných kmenů byly standardní metodikou stanoveny minimální inhibiční koncentrace (MIC) systémových antimykotik. Výsledky: V průběhu sledovaného období bylo v zúčastněných laboratořích zachyceno 921 kvasinkových kmenů od 886 pacientů. Celková incidence IC na 1 000 přijatých pacientů byla 0,40 (rozmezí 0,21–1,22 podle pracovišť). Takřka polovina izolátů spadala do druhu Candida albicans (49,7 %), následovaná Candida glabrata (15,3 %) a Candida parapsilosis (11,2 %). Na onkologických odděleních výrazně převažovaly non-albicans druhy (71,6 %), na rozdíl od chirurgických (40,4 %) nebo interních (52,0 %) oborů. Více než 70,0 % pacientů bylo v době pozitivní kultivace hospitalizováno na jednotkách intenzivní péče (JIP) a 65,0 % nemocných bylo kolonizováno stejným druhem kvasinky, který byl později nalezen v hemokultuře. Pouze u 5,1 % pacientů z celkového počtu byla potvrzena předchozí přítomnost toxigenního kmene C. difficile ve stolici. Celkem bylo otestováno 56 kmenů kvasinek (z 921) a byla zaznamenána zvýšená MIC u azolů pro C. glabrata. Závěr: Incidence kandidémií v České republice se ve sledovaném období výrazně neměnila a po C. albicans je druhou nejčastěji izolovanou kvasinkou v krvi C. glabrata.
Background: Candidemia is a severe and often life-threatening infection frequently occurring in critically ill patients. During the last decade, new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies influenced (at least in some patient subgroups) the epidemiological situation and the spectrum of causative Candida strains. The present multicentre study aimed to assess the current epidemiological situation of Candida strains causing invasive candidiasis (IC) in patients of tertiary care hospitals in the Czech Republic. Material and methods: Clinical and microbiological data on patients with bloodstream yeast isolates collected in 11 tertiary care hospitals in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2015 were analysed. The incidence of cases and species distribution were assessed by study year, age, and specialty. Moreover, an association with the Candida colonization and presence of toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile in stool prior to blood culture positivity was analysed. For some of the strains, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of systemic antifungals were determined using standard methods. Results: A total of 886 episodes of candidemia (921 yeast strains) were identified during the study period. The overall incidence per 1000 admissions was 0.40 (range 0.21–1.22 depending on the hospital). Almost half of the isolates belonged to the species Candida albicans (49.7 %), followed by Candida glabrata (15.3 %) and Candida parapsilosis (11.2 %). Non-albicans species of Candida significantly predominated in oncology wards (71.6 %) as compared to surgery (40.4 %) or internal medicine (52.0 %) departments. More than 70.0 % of patients stayed in intensive care units at the time of positive culture; in 65.0 % of patients, colonization with the same yeast species preceded blood culture positivity. In only 5.1 % of all patients, the previous presence of toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile in stool was found. Fifty-six of the 921 yeast strains were tested for antifungal susceptibility, with an increase in MICs to azoles being observed for C. glabrata. Conclusion: The incidence of candidemia in the Czech Republic did not vary significantly between 2012 and 2015, and C. glabrata was the second most common yeast species after C. albicans isolated from blood.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- Candida klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * MeSH
- kandidemie * diagnóza epidemiologie krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We have estimated the number of serious fungal infections in the Czech Republic. All published epidemiology papers reporting Czech fungal infection rates were identified. Where no data existed, we used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in those populations. Population statistics were obtained from the 2011 Census data, prevalence and incidence data for at-risk conditions were obtained from publicly accessible healthcare statistics and relevant surveys. We estimate that 152,840 Czech women suffer with recurrent vaginal thrush. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is likely in 4739 adults and 6581 more have severe asthma with fungal sensitisation. Hypersensitivity pneumonitits secondary to fungi is estimated in 1050 cases and 365 people may have chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Oesophageal candidiasis is estimated in 210 HIV-positive people. There are 12 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV population and 60 more cases in non-HIV population. There are an estimated 526 cases of candidaemia, 79 cases of Candida peritonitis and 297 cases of invasive aspergillosis a year. About 176,000 (1.67%) Czech people suffer from severe fungal infections each year, predominantly from recurrent vaginitis and allergic respiratory conditions. Substantial uncertainty surrounds these estimates except for invasive aspergillosis in haematology and candidaemia in critical care.
- MeSH
- aspergilóza alergická bronchopulmonální epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma komplikace epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypersenzitivní pneumonitida epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kandidemie epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kandidóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mykózy ekonomika epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- oportunní infekce doprovázející AIDS epidemiologie MeSH
- osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
- plicní aspergilóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- pneumocystová pneumonie epidemiologie MeSH
- pneumonie epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- vaginitida epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH