Gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome in dogs is associated with complex metabolic, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate previously analyzed factors (lactate and BE) in combination with other acid-base parameters (pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, base excess [BE], anion gap [AG], and strong ion difference) and electrolyte concentrations and to evaluate their association with the incidence of gastric necrosis and outcome in dogs with GDV. A retrospective study in 75 dogs with gastric dilation-volvulus syndrome, University veterinary teaching hospital. Medical records were reviewed including signalment, history, initial plasma lactate, acid-base parameters, and electrolyte concentrations, surgical findings and outcome. The overall mortality was 18.7%. In dogs with gastric necrosis, higher initial plasma lactate (median 5.84 vs. 3.36 mmol/L) and AG (20.7 vs. 16.55 mmol/L) and lower pH (7.29 vs. 7.36), bicarbonate (18.7 vs. 22.9 mmol/L), and BE concentration (-8.1 vs. -1.85 mmol/L) were found compared to dogs without gastric necrosis. Anorganic phosphorus was the only electrolyte investigated for which a significant difference was noted between dogs with and without gastric necrosis (1.93 vs. 1.39 mmol/L). The initial plasma lactate concentration (3.36 mmol/L vs. 9.68 mmol/L) and AG (16.8 vs. 20.95 mmol/L) were lower in survivors than nonsurvivors. Survivors had higher pH (7.35 vs. 7.27), bicarbonate concentrations (22.9 vs. 17.35 mmol/L), and BE (-1.9 vs. -9.55 mmol/L) compared to nonsurvivors. Anorganic phosphorus was ultimately the only electrolyte with a significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors (1.4 vs. 1.84 mmol/L). A multivariate logistic regression model of combination lactate, pH, bicarbonate, BE, AG, and anorganic phosphorus identified pH ≤7.331 and bicarbonate as factors independently associated with gastric necrosis. Similarly, pH ˃7.331, bicarbonate and anorganic phosphorus were independently associated with outcome. Higher initial plasma lactate, AG and anorganic phosphorus levels, and lower pH, BE and bicarbonate concentrations were found in GDV dogs with gastric necrosis. Similarly, initially higher plasma lactate, AG and anorganic phosphorus concentrations, and lower pH, BE and bicarbonate were found in GDV dogs who required euthanasia or who died after surgery. Of these parameters, pH and bicarbonate were strongly and independently associated with gastric necrosis, and pH, bicarbonate and phosphorus were independently associated with outcome.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dilatace žaludku mortalita veterinární MeSH
- elektrolyty krev MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyselina mléčná krev MeSH
- nekróza MeSH
- nemoci psů krev mortalita patologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- volvulus žaludku mortalita veterinární MeSH
- žaludek patologie MeSH
- záznamy jako téma veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe chronic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sand flies of which the main vector in the Western part of the Mediterranean basin is Phlebotomus perniciosus. Previously, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was proposed to allow rapid evaluation of dog exposure to P. perniciosus. In the present study, we optimized the prototype and evaluated the detection accuracy of the ICT in field conditions. Possible cross-reactions with other hematophagous arthropods were also assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The ICT was optimized by expressing the rSP03B protein in a HEK293 cell line, which delivered an increased specificity (94.92%). The ICT showed an excellent reproducibility and inter-person reliability, and was optimized for use with whole canine blood which rendered an excellent degree of agreement with the use of serum. Field detectability of the ICT was assessed by screening 186 dogs from different CanL endemic areas with both the SGH-ELISA and the ICT, and 154 longitudinally sampled dogs only with the ICT. The ICT results corresponded to the SGH-ELISA for most areas, depending on the statistical measure used. Furthermore, the ICT was able to show a clear seasonal fluctuation in the proportion of bitten dogs. Finally, we excluded cross-reactions between non-vector species and confirmed favorable cross-reactions with other L. infantum vectors belonging to the subgenus Larroussius. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have successfully optimized the ICT, now also suitable to be used with whole canine blood. The test is able to reflect the seasonal fluctuation in dog exposure and showed a good detectability in a field population of naturally exposed dogs, particularly in areas with a high seroprevalence of bitten dogs. Furthermore, our study showed the existence of favorable cross-reactions with other sand fly vectors thereby expanding its use in the field.
- MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- imunoanalýza metody MeSH
- Leishmania infantum fyziologie MeSH
- leishmanióza krev diagnóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- nemoci psů krev diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- Phlebotomus parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are endemic in the Mediterranean basin. However, levels of exposure of human and animal populations are inadequately researched. Toscana virus (TOSV) is present in Portugal where it causes human infection and disease; in contrast there are few data for sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) which has neither been isolated nor detected by molecular tests and for which there are only limited serological data. The sera collected from 1160 dogs and 189 cats in southern Portugal were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against TOSV and SFSV, two viruses recognized as distinct serocomplexes in the Mediterranean region. Our data showed (i) seropositivity to TOSV and SFSV in dogs at a rate of 6.8 and 50.8 %, respectively, and (ii) that 3.7 % of cats were seropositive for TOSV. TOSV findings are in line with previous results obtained with less stringent serological assays. Our results for SFSV in dogs clearly indicate that the virus is circulating widely and that humans may be exposed to infection via the dogs. Although the presence of SFSV was suggested by haemagglutination inhibition in 4/1690 human sera in 1974, this is the first time, as far as we know, that SFSV has been shown to circulate so widely in dogs in Portugal. Future studies should be directed at isolating strains of SFSV in Portugal from dogs, humans and sandflies collected in high prevalence regions. As dogs appear to be good sentinels for SFSV, their role as a possible reservoir in the natural cycle should also be considered.
- MeSH
- horečka pappataci krev veterinární virologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- nemoci koček krev virologie MeSH
- nemoci psů krev virologie MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky krev MeSH
- Phlebovirus imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- protilátky virové krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- virus horečky pappataci imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Portugalsko epidemiologie MeSH
Hunting dogs have probably a higher level of exposure to Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 and Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908 than other canine populations for their different lifestyle. The aim of our survey was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii in hunting dogs from southern Italy and assess risk factors related to these protozoan infections. Blood samples were collected from 398 hunting dogs (19 different breeds, aged from 5 month to 14 years). The sera were screened by indirect fluorescence antibody test; a titre ≥ 50 was considered positive. Antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii were detected in 59 (15%) dogs with titres from 50 to 3 200 and in 94 (24%) dogs with titres from 50 to 1 600, respectively, with co-infection in 25 (6%) dogs. Statistical difference (p ≤ 0.05) was found only for infection with T. gondii between two age groups: ≥ 2-4 years (16%) and ≥ 4-7 years (33%); other observed characteristics were without statistical significance. Our results suggest that the hunting dogs could play an important role in the transmission cycle of N. caninum between wild animals and livestock. This is the first detection of antibodies to T. gondii in hunting dogs in Italy.
- MeSH
- kokcidióza krev epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci psů krev epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Neospora fyziologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Toxoplasma fyziologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat krev epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie epidemiologie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To (1) measure C-reactive protein (CRP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and (2) evaluate their prognostic value and relationship to severity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, routine hematological and acid-base parameters in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). DESIGN: Prospective observational study from September 2010 to June 2012. SETTING: Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Forty-one client-owned dogs with GDV. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood was collected before surgery (baseline), postsurgery, 6-10 hours postsurgery, and 18-22 hours postsurgery. CRP and HMGB1 were measured in all samples, and routine hematological, biochemical, and acid-base analyses were performed. Only baseline and postsurgery samples were used from nonsurvivors (n = 10). CRP increased significantly from postsurgery sampling to 18-22 hours postsurgery, while HMGB1 did not change over time. There was a significant difference in HMGB1 between survivors and nonsurvivors over time. Both proteins correlated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome severity, total leukocyte, segmented neutrophils, and band counts. HMGB1 correlated also with acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate, base excess). CONCLUSION: HMGB1 and CRP behaved differently in regards to their kinetic patterns, with HMGB1 appearing to better reflect the severity of tissue injury in dogs with GDV than CRP.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus MeSH
- dilatace žaludku chirurgie veterinární MeSH
- náhlé příhody veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů krev diagnóza MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protein HMGB1 krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce krev diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- volvulus žaludku chirurgie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study is to present molecular, serologic, and clinical findings for dogs that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) in the Czech Republic. This data can provide information relevant to human infection. In total, blood samples from 296 dogs and 118 engorged ticks were examined. Samples were tested for A. phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, nested PCR, and direct sequencing of the 16S rDNA, and for B. burgdorferi s. l. using PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer. In addition, blood samples were screened for antibodies to these bacteria. Ten (3.4%) dogs were PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum. Morulae of A. phagocytophilum in granulocytes were found in two of these dogs. Nine of the PCR-positive dogs had clinical signs related to anaplasmosis. Statistically significant differences in the PCR detection rates were found between breeds and between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Infection with Borrelia garinii was detected by PCR in a dog with meningoencephalitis. DNA of A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s. l. (B. garinii or Borrelia afzelii) was detected in 8.5% and 6.8% of ticks, respectively. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G seropositivity to A. phagocytophilum was 26%. Significant differences were found with respect to breed and gender. IgM and IgG antibodies to B. burgdorferi s. l. were detected in 2.4% and 10.3% of dogs, respectively. Our findings suggest that the exposure to B. burgdorferi s. l. exists in dogs in the Czech Republic, and exposure to A. phagocytophilum is common.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ehrlichióza krev epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- imunoglobulin M MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie MeSH
- lymeská nemoc krev epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů krev epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
