- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- polarografie * dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- O autorovi
- Heyrovský, Jaroslav, 1890-1967 Autorita
On 25th April 1941, at a meeting of the Czech Chemical Society in Prague, Jaroslav Heyrovský delivered his lecture "Use of oscillograph in polarography". This lecture was published in Chemické Listy in December 1941. His lecture marked the beginning of the oscillographic polarography with controlled alternating current (OP). In the first half of the 1950's, a simple instrument Polaroskop P 524 became available, stimulating wide application of OP as a method of fast and simple chemical analysis of various compounds, including biomolecules. In the 1960's and in the following decades a number of papers on chronopotentiometry were published but J. Heyrovsky's OP was almost forgotten. At present we can witness another step in the development of chronopotentiometry in the application of CPS in the analysis of biomacromolecules and particularly in the structure-sensitive analysis of proteins based on catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (CHER). This analysis requires mercury-containing electrodes, such as HMDE (hanging mercury drop electrode) or solid amalgam electrodes, because the CHER has not been observed with any other electrode. We believe that Professor J. Heyrovský would be satisfied by the fruitful development of chronopotentiometry and its application in bioelectrochemistry, stimulated by his OP.
Electrochemistry of nucleic acid is at present a booming field producing about 800 papers published per year. First papers in this field were published in 1958–1961 in Brno (Czech Republic) showing that purine and pyrimidine base residues in single-stranded DNA and RNA were reduced at Hg electrodes and the guanine residue produced an anodic signal when cyclic modes were used. The reduction sites of the base residues in native double-stranded (ds) DNA are hidden in the interior of the dsDNA molecule, which made their reduction difficult. At that time oscillographic polarography (ac chronopotentiometry) showed excellent sensitivity to changes in DNA structure and allowed to investigate DNA denaturation and hybridization. Later on also other electrochemical methods and electrodes were applied. In the following three decades basic principles were found which are at present used in the development of DNA hybridization sensors.
- MeSH
- chromozomy chemie MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- DNA * analýza chemie MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky dějiny metody MeSH
- elektrochemie * dějiny metody MeSH
- plazmidy analýza chemie MeSH
- polarografie dějiny metody MeSH
- potenciometrie dějiny metody MeSH
- RNA transferová analýza chemie MeSH
- RNA virová analýza chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- polarografie dějiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- O autorovi
- Heyrovský, Jaroslav, 1890-1967 Autorita
Polarografie je jednou z elektrochemických metod, umožňující analýzu a kvantitativní měření malých množství řady látek, mj. i kyslíku. Metodu vypracoval český fyzikální chemik Jaroslav Heyrovský. Zavedl rtuťovou kapající elektrodu pro měření proudu a po zařazení citlivého galvanometru začal kontinuálně měřit a zaznamenávat i nepatrná množství různých látek, mj. také kyslíku v kapalinách, tedy i v krvi. Metodu nazval polarografií, dopracoval ji k praktickému využití v laboratořích a celosvětové obhájil. Za tento objev mu byla v roce 1959 udělena Nobelova cena za chemii.
Polarography is an electrochemical method enabling the analysis and quantitative measurement of very small quantities of a number of substances, among others the oxygen. This method has been elaborated by Czech physical chemist Jaroslav Heyrovský. He introduced the dropping mercury electrode for measuring current and after having connected a sensitive galvanometer he began to measure and record continuously even minute quantities of oxygen in fluids, among other media in blood. He called the method polarography and developed it for practical use in laboratories and upheld it worldwide. For this invention Heyrovsky was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1959.
- MeSH
- anesteziologie dějiny MeSH
- polarografie dějiny MeSH
- transkutánní měření krevních plynů metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- O autorovi
- Heyrovský, Jaroslav, 1890-1967 Autorita
The article is devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize for polarography. The author gives some recollections and describes the life with polarography in the Heyrovský Institute where he has been working for nearly 60 years.
- MeSH
- polarografie dějiny metody trendy MeSH
The traveling exhibition on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Jaroslav Heyrovský gives the life story of the Prize winner using photographs, films, documents and other exhibits. The aim of the exhibition is to introduce the personality of Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890?1967), the scientist who devoted his life to physical chemistry. He founded at the Faculty of Science of the Charles University in Prague a polarographic school and, later on, he was the head of the Polarographic Institute of the then Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Thus Czechoslovakia became the international centre of research of the new method which found wide applications in many fields. The exhibition is organized by the J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
