S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) exerts crucial roles in the homeostasis of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plant cells through indirect control of S-nitrosation, an important protein post-translational modification in signaling pathways of NO. Using cultivated and wild tomato species, we studied GSNOR function in interactions of key enzymes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism with RNS mediated by protein S-nitrosation during tomato root growth and responses to salinity and cadmium. Application of a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 increased both NO and S-nitrosothiol levels and stimulated root growth in both genotypes. Moreover, N6022 treatment, as well as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) application, caused intensive S-nitrosation of important enzymes of ROS metabolism, NADPH oxidase (NADPHox) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Under abiotic stress, activities of APX and NADPHox were modulated by S-nitrosation. Increased production of H2O2 and subsequent oxidative stress were observed in wild Solanumhabrochaites, together with increased GSNOR activity and reduced S-nitrosothiols. An opposite effect occurred in cultivated S. lycopersicum, where reduced GSNOR activity and intensive S-nitrosation resulted in reduced ROS levels by abiotic stress. These data suggest stress-triggered disruption of ROS homeostasis, mediated by modulation of RNS and S-nitrosation of NADPHox and APX, underlies tomato root growth inhibition by salinity and cadmium stress.
- MeSH
- aldehydoxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- askorbátperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- benzamidy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- chlorid sodný farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- kadmium toxicita MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- NADPH-oxidasy metabolismus MeSH
- nitrosace MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxid vodíku metabolismus MeSH
- pyrroly chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku chemie metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku chemie metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- S-nitrosoglutathion farmakologie MeSH
- S-nitrosothioly metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
It is hypothesized that oligosaccharides are another potential source of immunological cross-reaction between different plant allergens. Patatin is the most abundant glycoprotein in potato and has been described to have an oligosaccharide of composition Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc2(Fuc). In this work, N-glycosylation profiles of patatin proteins isolated from tubers of different potato species were investigated and compared. Oligosaccharides were released by enzymatic digestion with PNAGase A and analyzed primarily by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. For glycan labeling, a modified version of on-target derivatization with phenylhydrazine was applied. This study found the presence of glycan structures not described previously in patatins of potato tubers, and their glycan profiles significantly differed. This knowledge about the glycosylation of potato patatins may be helpful for correct choice of potato species to decrease the presence of specific glycan epitopes causing food allergy as well as for utilization of potatoes for the manufacture of therapeutic proteins.
- MeSH
- glukany chemie metabolismus MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- hlízy rostlin chemie klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- karboxylesterhydrolasy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum chemie klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
During the second half of the last century a large amount of substances toxic for higher organisms was released to the environment. Physicochemical methods of pollutant removal are difficult and prohibitively expensive. Using biological systems such as microorganisms, plants, or consortia microorganisms-plants is easier, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and identify microorganisms from contaminated soil and to find out the effect of plants on microbial diversity in the environment. Microorganisms were isolated by two approaches with the aim to find all cultivable species and those able to utilise biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy. The first approach was direct extraction and the second was isolation of bacteria after enrichment cultivation with biphenyl. Isolates were biochemically characterized by NEFERMtest 24 and then the composition of ribosomal proteins in bacterial cells was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ribosomal proteins can be used as phylogenetic markers and thus MALDI-TOF MS can be exploited also for taxonomic identification because the constitution of ribosomal proteins in bacterial cells is specific for each bacterial species. Identification of microorganisms using this method is performed with the help of database Bruker Daltonics MALDI BioTyper. Isolated bacteria were analyzed from the point of the bphA gene presence. Bacteria with detected bphA gene were then taxonomically identified by 16S rRNA sequence. The ability of two different plant species, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and nightshade (Solanum nigrum), to accumulate PCBs was studied as well. It was determined that various plant species differ in the PCBs accumulation from the contaminated soil. Also the content of PCBs in various plant tissues was compared. PCBs were detected in roots and aboveground biomass including leaves and berries.
- MeSH
- Bacteria cytologie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce * MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus MeSH
- ribozomální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Solanum metabolismus MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- tabák metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as additive flame retardants. PBDEs are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. They are often detected in sewage sludge which is applied on agricultural soils as fertilizer. The objective of this study was to find out whether plants are able to accumulate and translocate PBDEs. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and nightshade (Solanum nigrum) were planted in pots containing contaminated sewage sludge and uncontaminated substrate. After 6 months of plant cultivation in sewage sludge up to 15.4 ng g(-1) dw and 76.6 ng g(-1) dw of PBDE congeners--BDE 47, BDE 99 and BDE 100---were accumulated in the nightshade and tobacco tissue, respectively. Corresponding values in plants vegetated in the control garden substrate were 10 times lower. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of accumulated congeners were calculated. Tobacco exhibited higher BCFs values and for both plants BCFs values of BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 100 and BDE 209 negatively correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficients (logK(ow)). The exception was decaBDE (BDE 209) which was accumulated only in tobacco tissue in the concentration of 116.8 ng g(-1) dw. The majority of PBDEs was detected in above-ground plant biomass indicating that both plants have the ability to translocate PBDEs. To our knowledge this is one of the first studies reporting the accumulation of both lower PBDEs and BDE 209 in plants. Our results suggest that absorption, accumulation and translocation of PBDEs by plants and their transfer to the food chain could represent another possible risk for human exposure.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery analýza metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- odpadní vody chemie MeSH
- retardanty hoření analýza metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Solanum růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- tabák růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
