Two hundred and seventeen captive great apes (150 chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes; 14 bonobos, Pan paniscus; 53 western gorillas, Gorilla gorilla) and 20 personnel from thirteen European zoos and two African sanctuaries were sampled and examined in order to determine the occurrence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and species of Encephalitozoon in faecal specimens and to compare the epidemiological situation between zoos and sanctuaries. Microsporidia were detected at all sampling sites. Sequence analyses of ITS amplicons generated by using microsporidia-specific primers determined the presence of microsporidia in 87 samples including 13 humans; since two cases of simultaneous occurrence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were identified, 89 full-length ITS sequences were obtained, namely 78 Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I, five E. cuniculi genotype II, two E. hellem 1A and four Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis-positive samples were identified. This is the first report of Encephalitozoon species and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in captive great apes kept under various conditions and the first record of natural infection with E. hellem in great apes. A comparison of zoos and sanctuaries showed a significantly higher prevalence of microsporidia in sanctuaries (P<0.001), raising a question about the factors affecting the occurrence of microsporidia in epidemiologically and sanitarily comparable types of facilities.
- MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Encephalitozoon genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika chemie MeSH
- Microsporidia genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- mikrosporidióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- Pan paniscus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- zoonózy mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
Enterocytozoon bieneusi infects humans and animals and can cause life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised people. The routes of transmission and its zoonotic potential are not fully understood. Pigs have been frequently reported to have E. bieneusi; therefore, we surveyed farm-raised pigs in the Czech Republic to determine its presence and genetic diversity. Spores were detected by microscopy in the faeces of 65 out of 79 examined animals (82%). A species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified E. bieneusi in 94% of samples. Genotyping based on the ITS regions of the SSU rRNA gene identified that most pigs were infected with the species-specific genotype F, while two animals had the zoonotic genotype D and two had genotype Peru 9. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in swine in the Czech Republic, and demonstrated that most infections were with pig-specific genotypes. Nonetheless, swine may still play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.
- MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Enterocytozoon genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosporidióza epidemiologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- spory hub genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
