We synthesized eleven new amiridine-piperazine hybrids 5a-j and 7 as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment by reacting N-chloroacetylamiridine with piperazines. The compounds displayed mixed-type reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Conjugates were moderate inhibitors of equine and human BChE with negligible fluctuation in anti-BChE activity, whereas anti-AChE activity was substantially dependent on N4-substitution of the piperazine ring. Compounds with para-substituted aromatic moieties (5g, 5h, and bis-amiridine 7) had the highest anti-AChE activity in the low micromolar range. Top-ranked compound 5h, N-(2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinolin-9-yl)-2-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide, had an IC50 for AChE = 1.83 ± 0.03 μM (Ki = 1.50 ± 0.12 and αKi = 2.58 ± 0.23 μM). The conjugates possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating a likely absence of unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. In agreement with analysis of inhibition kinetics and molecular modeling studies, the lead compounds were found to bind effectively to the peripheral anionic site of AChE and displace propidium, indicating their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. Similar propidium displacement activity was first shown for amiridine. Two compounds, 5c (R = cyclohexyl) and 5e (R = 2-MeO-Ph), exhibited appreciable antioxidant capability with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 0.47 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.02, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition, including the observation that inhibitory potencies and computed pKa values of hybrids were generally lower than those of the parent molecules. Predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of conjugates indicated good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters comparable to those of amiridine and therefore acceptable for potential lead compounds at the early stages of anti-AD drug development.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• aminochinoliny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• benzothiazoly antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• butyrylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• piperazin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The bisdioxopiperazine topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor ICRF-193 has been previously identified as a more potent analog of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a drug used in clinical practice against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. However, the poor aqueous solubility of ICRF-193 has precluded its further in vivo development as a cardioprotective agent. To overcome this issue, water-soluble prodrugs of ICRF-193 were prepared, their abilities to release ICRF-193 were investigated using a novel UHPLC-MS/MS assay, and their cytoprotective effects against anthracycline cardiotoxicity were tested in vitro in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NVCMs). Based on the obtained results, the bis(2-aminoacetoxymethyl)-type prodrug GK-667 was selected for advanced investigations due to its straightforward synthesis, sufficient solubility, low cytotoxicity and favorable ICRF-193 release. Upon administration of GK-667 to NVCMs, the released ICRF-193 penetrated well into the cells, reached sufficient intracellular concentrations and provided effective cytoprotection against anthracycline toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of the prodrug, ICRF-193 and its rings-opened metabolite was estimated in vivo after administration of GK-667 to rabbits. The plasma concentrations of ICRF-193 reached were found to be adequate to achieve cardioprotective effects in vivo. Hence, GK-667 was demonstrated to be a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of ICRF-193 and a promising drug candidate for further evaluation as a potential cardioprotectant against chronic anthracycline toxicity.

• MeSH
• antracykliny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dexrazoxan chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• diketopiperaziny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory topoisomerasy II chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiotonika chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kardiotoxicita farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• piperazin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• prekurzory léčiv chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• razoxan chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A new series of s-triazine derivatives incorporating sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide, 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide and piperazine or aminoalcohol structural motifs is reported. Molecular docking was exploited to select compounds from virtual combinatorial library for synthesis and subsequent biological evaluation. The compounds were prepared by using step by step nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms from cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine). The compounds were tested as inhibitors of physiologically relevant carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. Specifically, against the cytosolic hCA I, II and tumor-associated hCA IX. These compounds show appreciable inhibition. hCA I was inhibited with KIs in the range of 8.5-2679.1 nM, hCA II with KIs in the range of 4.8-380.5 nM and hCA IX with KIs in the range of 0.4-307.7 nM. As other similar derivatives, some of the compounds showed good or excellent selectivity ratios for inhibiting hCA IX over hCA II, of 3.5-18.5. 4-[({4-Chloro-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)methyl] benzene sulfonamide demonstrated subnanomolar affinity for hCA IX (0.4 nM) and selectivity (18.50) over the cytosolic isoforms. This series of compounds may be of interest for the development of new, unconventional anticancer drugs targeting hypoxia-induced CA isoforms such as CA IX.

• MeSH
• aminoalkoholy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antigeny nádorové metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory karboanhydras chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• karboanhydrasa I antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• karboanhydrasa II antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• karboanhydrasa IX antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• piperazin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• sulfonamidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• triaziny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH