OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a brief olfactory test based on pleasantness rating of olfactory and trigeminal stimulants. DESIGN: Criterion standard. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 60 participants (48 healthy and 12 with olfactory loss) aged 16 to 81 years. INTERVENTIONS: The new test of odor pleasantness (TOP) based on classification of odorants and trigeminal stimulants into 4 categories was compared with 2 standard tests of subjective olfactometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We evaluated the possible use of the TOP in assessment of olfactory and the trigeminal system in healthy individuals and those with olfactory loss. RESULTS: All 3 tests demonstrated significant mutual correlation (P < .01), and persons with olfactory loss scored lower than healthy participants (P < .01). Using exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis, we found that healthy individuals classified odorants accurately according to the degree of their hedonic character. CONCLUSION: The TOP offers outcomes similar to those of standard tests of olfaction that are based on psychophysical testing.

• MeSH
• čichová percepce MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nervus trigeminus fyziologie   MeSH
• odoranty MeSH
• poruchy čichu patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of nasal isotonic saline application to prevent reappearance of cold and flu in children during the winter. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, parallel-group, open, and randomized comparison. SETTING: Eight pediatric outpatient clinics. PATIENTS: A total of 401 children (aged 6-10 years) with uncomplicated cold or flu. INTERVENTIONS: We randomly assigned patients to 2 treatment groups, one with just standard medication, the other with nasal wash with a modified seawater solution (Physiomer) plus standard medication, and observed them for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy end points were nasal symptoms resolution during acute illness (visits 1 and 2). We also looked for reappearance of cold or flu, consumption of medication, complications, days off school, and reported days of illness during the following weeks when preventive potential was evaluated (visits 3 and 4). RESULTS: At visit 2, patients in the saline group achieved primary end points (measured on a 4-point numeric scale on which 1 indicated no symptoms and 4, severe symptoms) in the parameters nasal secretion and obstruction (mean scores vs nonsaline group, 1.79 vs 2.10 and 1.25 vs 1.58, respectively) (P < .05 for both). During the prevention phase (at visit 3, 8 weeks after study entry) patients in the saline group showed significantly lower scores in sore throat, cough, nasal obstruction, and secretion (P < .05 for all). By visit 3, significantly fewer children in the saline group were using antipyretics (9% vs 33%), nasal decongestants (5% vs 47%), mucolytics (10% vs 37%), and systemic antiinfectives (6% vs 21%) (P < .05 for all). During the same period children in the saline group also reported significantly fewer illness days (31% vs 75%), school absences (17% vs 35%), and complications (8% vs 32%) (P < .05 for all). Similar results were found at the final visit. CONCLUSION: Children in the saline group showed faster resolution of some nasal symptoms during acute illness and less frequent reappearance of rhinitis subsequently.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• chlorid sodný aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• isotonické roztoky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rinitida farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH