BACKGROUND: An international comparison of health system performance is a popular tool of health policy analysis. However, the efficiency evaluation of health systems is a practical example of an international comparison in which non-homogeneity is expected. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of health systems by models in which a degree of non-homogeneity among countries is considered. METHODS: We study the problem of non-homogeneity of health systems in the theoretical framework of the data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a popular method of efficiency evaluation with hundreds of applications from various fields. DEA assume the homogeneity of production units and the homogeneity of the environment in which the production units operate. Hence, we compiled a summary of 14 recommendations on how to deal with the non-homogeneity in the DEA models. The analysed sample includes 38 OECD member countries. The data are from the year 2019. RESULTS: As an example, we evaluated the health system efficiency of the Czech Republic. We used the DEA models with the neighbourhood measure of distance and the constraint limiting the comparison of countries with different levels of economic development. The health system inputs were the numbers of physicians, nurses, and hospital beds. In the production of the intermediate outputs (doctor consultations, inpatient care discharges), the Czech Republic should look at Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. In the production of health outcomes (life expectancy), the peer countries are France, Italy and Switzerland. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the DEA analysis are only indicative because no single analytical method can determine whether a health system is better or worse than others. We need to combine different methods, and DEA is one of them. We consider DEA as an exploratory method, not a method providing definitive answers.
- MeSH
- Efficiency, Organizational * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Government Programs MeSH
- Efficiency * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- France MeSH
- Poland MeSH
... 2 Measurements 120 -- 8.2.1 The Spin Echo Method 120 -- 8.2.2 Spin Echo Envelopes 123 -- 8.2.3 Limitations ... ... 10.1.1 The Imaging Equation 166 -- 10.1.2 Single Excitation Traversal of /c-Space 169 -- 10.1.3 Time Constraints ... ... 2* 603 -- 20.4.1 Arbitrariness of T2* Modeling of Gradient Echo Signal Envelopes 603 -- 20.4.2 The Spin ... ... Echo Signal Envelope and the Magnetic Field Density of States 604 -- 20.4.3 Decaying Signal Envelopes ...
Second edition xxxii, 944 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- NML Publication type
- kolektivní monografie
... sequences but partly different structures 101 -- Sequence comparison using strong stereochemical constraints ... ... identifies helix-turn-helix motifs 101 -- Sequence comparisons without using stereochemical constraints ... ... 171 -- Bacteriophage MS2 has a different subunit structure 173 -- Both the core and the spikes of enveloped ... ... NMR spectra of proteins are interpreted by the method of sequential assignment 281 -- Distance constraints ...
xv, 302 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- Conspectus
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NML Fields
- biochemie
- molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
