Cohort studies are a robust analytical observational study design that explore the difference in outcomes between two cohorts, differentiated by their exposure status. Despite being observational in nature, they are often included in systematic reviews of effectiveness, particularly when randomized controlled trials are limited or not feasible. Like all studies included in a systematic review, cohort studies must undergo a critical appraisal process to assess the extent to which a study has considered potential bias in its design, conduct, or analysis. Critical appraisal tools facilitate this evaluation. This paper introduces the revised critical appraisal tool for cohort studies, completed by the JBI Effectiveness Methodology Group, who are currently revising the suite of JBI critical appraisal tools for quantitative study designs. The revised tool responds to updates in methodological guidance from the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group and reporting guidance from PRISMA 2020, providing a robust framework for evaluating risk of bias in a cohort study. Transparent and rigorous assessment using this tool will assist reviewers in understanding the validity and relevance of the results and conclusions drawn from a systematic review that includes cohort studies. This may contribute to better evidence-based decision-making in health care. This paper discusses the key changes made to the tool, outlines justifications for these changes, and provides practical guidance on how this tool should be interpreted and applied by systematic reviewers.

• MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Research Design * standards   MeSH
• Bias * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The topic of the diagnosis of phaeochromocytomas remains highly relevant because of advances in laboratory diagnostics, genetics, and therapeutic options and also the development of imaging methods. Computed tomography still represents an essential tool in clinical practice, especially in incidentally discovered adrenal masses; it allows morphological evaluation, including size, shape, necrosis, and unenhanced attenuation. More advanced post-processing tools to analyse digital images, such as texture analysis and radiomics, are currently being studied. Radiomic features utilise digital image pixels to calculate parameters and relations undetectable by the human eye. On the other hand, the amount of radiomic data requires massive computer capacity. Radiomics, together with machine learning and artificial intelligence in general, has the potential to improve not only the differential diagnosis but also the prediction of complications and therapy outcomes of phaeochromocytomas in the future. Currently, the potential of radiomics and machine learning does not match expectations and awaits its fulfilment.

• MeSH
• Pheochromocytoma * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adrenal Gland Neoplasms * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Paraganglioma * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods   MeSH
• Radiomics MeSH
• Machine Learning MeSH
• Artificial Intelligence MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a key pollinator critical to global agriculture, facing threats from various stressors, including the ectoparasitic Varroa mite (Varroa destructor). Previous studies have identified shared bacteria between Varroa mites and honeybees, yet it remains unclear if these bacteria assemble similarly in both species. This study builds on existing knowledge by investigating co-occurrence patterns in the microbiomes of both Varroa mites and honeybees, shedding light on potential interactions. Leveraging 16S rRNA datasets, we conducted co-occurrence network analyses, explored Core Association Networks (CAN) and assess network robustness. Comparative network analyses revealed structural differences between honeybee and mite microbiomes, along with shared core features and microbial motifs. The mite network exhibited lower robustness, suggesting less resistance to taxa extension compared to honeybees. Furthermore, analyses of predicted functional profiling and taxa contribution revealed that common central pathways in the metabolic networks have different taxa contributing to Varroa mites and honeybee microbiomes. The results show that while both microbial systems exhibit functional redundancy, in which different taxa contribute to the functional stability and resilience of the ecosystem, there is evidence for niche specialization resulting in unique contributions to specific pathways in each part of this host-parasite system. The specificity of taxa contribution to key pathways offers targeted approaches to Varroa microbiome management and preserving honeybee microbiome. Our findings provide valuable insights into microbial interactions, aiding farmers and beekeepers in maintaining healthy and resilient bee colonies amid increasing Varroa mite infestations.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * classification   genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Microbiota * MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Varroidae * microbiology   MeSH
• Bees microbiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

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• MeSH
• Intracranial Hemorrhages chemically induced   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Vaccines, Combined adverse effects   MeSH
• Compensation and Redress MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Jurisprudence MeSH
• Family MeSH
• Death MeSH
• Vaccination * adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• News MeSH

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Mezinárodní vzdělávací program Erasmus+ nabízí studentům jedinečnou příležitost prohloubit své odborné dovednosti a zároveň poznat odlišné kultury. Tento článek reflektuje zkušenosti studentek Střední zdravotnické školy Hradec Králové, které se v únoru 2025 zúčastnily dvoutýdenní stáže ve vesnici Delpitiya na Srí Lance. Text se zaměřuje na kulturní, náboženské, gastronomické a vzdělávací aspekty tohoto pobytu, přičemž analyzuje specifika místního prostředí a jeho vliv na osobní a profesní rozvoj účastnic. Článek zkoumá náboženskou rozmanitost Srí Lanky, upozorňuje na charakteristiku místní kuchyně, zkoumá postupy předškolního vzdělávání a popisuje volnočasové aktivity, které obohatily interkulturní kompetence studentů. Prostřednictvím přímé interakce s místní komunitou si studenti zvýšili svou adaptabilitu, empatii a rozšířili své perspektivy, což dokazuje hodnotu programů mezinárodní mobility pro budoucí zdravotnické pracovníky.

The international Erasmus+ educational program offers students a unique opportunity to deepen their professional skills while experiencing different cultures. This article reflects the experiences of students from the Secondary Medical School of Hradec Králové, who participated in a two-week internship in the village of Delpitiya, Sri Lanka, in February 2025. It focuses on cultural, religious, gastronomic, and educational aspects of their stay, analyzing the specifics of the local environment and its impact on their personal and professional growth. The article explores the religious diversity of Sri Lanka, highlights the characteristics of local cuisine, examines preschool education practices, and describes leisure activities that enriched the students’ intercultural competencies. Through direct interaction with the local community, students enhanced their adaptability, empathy, and broadened their perspectives, demonstrating the value of international mobility programs for future healthcare professionals.