"PhD fellowship"
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Canonical RNA interference (RNAi) is sequence-specific mRNA degradation guided by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) made by RNase III Dicer from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi roles include gene regulation, antiviral immunity or defense against transposable elements. In mammals, RNAi is constrained by Dicer's adaptation to produce another small RNA class-microRNAs. However, a truncated Dicer isoform (ΔHEL1) supporting RNAi exists in mouse oocytes. A homozygous mutation to express only the truncated ΔHEL1 variant causes dysregulation of microRNAs and perinatal lethality in mice. Here, we report the phenotype and canonical RNAi activity in DicerΔHEL1/wt mice, which are viable, show minimal miRNome changes, but their endogenous siRNA levels are an order of magnitude higher. We show that siRNA production in vivo is limited by available dsRNA, but not by Protein kinase R, a dsRNA sensor of innate immunity. dsRNA expression from a transgene yields sufficient siRNA levels to induce efficient RNAi in heart and muscle. DicerΔHEL1/wt mice with enhanced canonical RNAi offer a platform for examining potential and limits of mammalian RNAi in vivo.
- MeSH
- DEAD-box RNA-helikasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- dvouvláknová RNA * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- malá interferující RNA * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mikro RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protein - isoformy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ribonukleasa III * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- RNA interference * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Následující článek je zaměřen na prevenci užívání návykových látek v České republice a v Belgii a je výsledkem spolupráce autorky a jejího belgického školitele při doktorské stáži programu Erasmus na Univerzitě v Gentu. V článku jsme se pokusili o srovnání Belgie (především Vlámského společenství), jako západoevropské země s dlouhou tradicí v prevenci užívání návykových látek, a České republiky, která je zemí z původního východoevropského bloku. Zde kvůli izolaci vlivem komunistických tflád bylo užívání nelegálních drog ve větší míře rozšířeno později než v západní Evropě a s tím souvisí i krátkodobější tradice moderní drogové politiky. V tomto článku jsme představili systém prevence užívání návykových látek v Belgii a v České republice, provedli jejich srovnání a popsali různé druhy prevence spolu s některými konkrétnimi preventivními aktivitami v obou zemích. Protože je užívání návykových látek v celoevropském kontextu společensky závažným tématem, věříme, že je dobré vyměňovat si zkušenosti, které by se daly využít v obou zemích.
The article focuses on the prevention of drug abuse in the Czech Republic and Belgium. It is a result of cooperation established between the author and her Belgian supervisor during her PhD fellowship at Ghent University as part of the Erasmus programme. The paper seeks to compare Belgium (especially the Flemish part of Belgium), as a West European country with a long tradition of drug prevention, and the Czech Republic, a country from the former Eastern European bloc with a shorter tradition of modern drug policy whose development was hampered by the isolation of the country under the Communist regime. The respective systems of the prevention of drug abuse in Belgium and in the Czech Republic are presented and compared and the individual types of prevention, including specific examples of prevention activities pursued in these countries, are described. Drug abuse has been a topical social issue across Europe. We believe, therefore, that it is useful to exchange experience which could be made use of in both countries.
- Klíčová slova
- drogová politika, programy prevence,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek prevence a kontrola MeSH
- programy Healthy People metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Belgie MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
AIMS: The cardiac conduction system (CCS) is progressively specified during development by interactions among a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that ensure its proper patterning and the emergence of its functional properties. Meis genes encode homeodomain TFs with multiple roles in mammalian development. In humans, Meis genes associate with congenital cardiac malformations and alterations of cardiac electrical activity; however, the basis for these alterations has not been established. Here, we studied the role of Meis TFs in cardiomyocyte development and function during mouse development and adult life. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied Meis1 and Meis2 conditional deletion mouse models that allowed cardiomyocyte-specific elimination of Meis function during development and inducible elimination of Meis function in cardiomyocytes of the adult CCS. We studied cardiac anatomy, contractility, and conduction. We report that Meis factors are global regulators of cardiac conduction, with a predominant role in the CCS. While constitutive Meis deletion in cardiomyocytes led to congenital malformations of the arterial pole and atria, as well as defects in ventricular conduction, Meis elimination in cardiomyocytes of the adult CCS produced sinus node dysfunction and delayed atrio-ventricular conduction. Molecular analyses unravelled Meis-controlled molecular pathways associated with these defects. Finally, we studied in transgenic mice the activity of a Meis1 human enhancer related to an single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to PR (P and R waves of the electrocardiogram) elongation and found that the transgene drives expression in components of the atrio-ventricular conduction system. CONCLUSION: Our study identifies Meis TFs as essential regulators of the establishment of cardiac conduction function during development and its maintenance during adult life. In addition, we generated animal models and identified molecular alterations that will ease the study of Meis-associated conduction defects and congenital malformations in humans.
- MeSH
- akční potenciály MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- homeodoménové proteiny * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kardiomyocyty * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kontrakce myokardu MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- nodus sinuatrialis metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- převodní systém srdeční * metabolismus patofyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- srdeční arytmie patofyziologie metabolismus genetika MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * MeSH
- transkripční faktor Meis1 * genetika metabolismus nedostatek MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady metabolismus genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH