Botha, Alfred* Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Bark beetles are destructive insect pests known to form symbioses with different fungal taxa, including yeasts. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the prevalence of the rare yeast Hyphopichia heimii in bark beetle frass from wild olive trees in South Africa and to (2) predict the potential interaction of this yeast with trees and bark beetles. Twenty-eight culturable yeast species were isolated from frass in 35 bark beetle galleries, including representatives of H. heimii from nine samples. Physiological characterization of H. heimii isolates revealed that none was able to degrade complex polymers present in hemicellulose; however, all were able to assimilate sucrose and cellobiose, sugars associated with an arboreal habitat. All isolates were able to produce the auxin indole acetic acid, indicative of a potential symbiosis with the tree. Sterol analysis revealed that the isolates possessed ergosterol quantities ranging from 3.644 ± 0.119 to 13.920 ± 1.230 mg/g dry cell weight, which suggested that H. heimii could serve as a source of sterols in bark beetle diets, as is known for other bark beetle-associated fungi. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that at least one of the isolates, Hyphopichia heimii CAB 1614, was able to convert the insect pheromone cis-verbenol to the anti-aggregation pheromone verbenone. This indicated that H. heimii could potentially influence beetle behaviour. These results support the contention of a tripartite symbiosis between H. heimii, olive trees, and bark beetles.
- MeSH
- brouci * mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- feromony metabolismus MeSH
- kůra rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvasinky MeSH
- nosatcovití * MeSH
- Olea * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Coniochaeta pulveracea is a dimorphic lignicolous fungus that has mostly been isolated from decaying wood. However, relatively little work was conducted on the conditions for the dimorphic switch or the biological interactions of the fungus in its yeast-like microcyclic growth phase. Therefore, in this study, the microcyclic conidiation of C. pulveracea strains and representatives of the closely related species, Coniochaeta boothii and Coniochaeta subcorticalis, was studied under different environmental conditions. The strains were found to exhibit hyphal growth on solid substrates and underwent a dimorphic switch to produce microcycle conidiation upon transfer to a liquid medium which differed in physico-chemical composition compared to the original solid medium. Factors that were found to contribute to this dimorphic switch were temperature, pH and the presence of complex nitrogen sources such as casamino acids and peptone in the medium. However, C. pulveracea showed intraspecific differences with regard to its response to changes in the physico-chemical environment. The interactions of microcyclic Coniochaeta strains with selected yeasts, such as representatives of Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Cryptococcus neoformans, were subsequently studied in complex liquid media and it was found that, depending on medium composition, the microcyclic Coniochaeta exerted different effects on the different yeasts strains. In some co-cultures, a positive effect on yeast growth was observed, whilst in other cases microcyclic Coniochaeta inhibited yeast growth.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota cytologie účinky léků růst a vývoj účinky záření MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans růst a vývoj MeSH
- hyfy cytologie účinky léků růst a vývoj účinky záření MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce MeSH
- Saccharomycetales růst a vývoj MeSH
- sloučeniny dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- spory hub cytologie účinky léků růst a vývoj účinky záření MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We have studied the influence of both levamisole (AL) and Freund's adjuvant (AF) on the immunisation of mice with the secretory antigens of adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Total IgG antibodies were detected in all groups where the F. hepatica antigen was administered, been levels of IgG1 increased respect to IgG2a antibodies. During immunisation, IL-4 and IFN-γ were only detected in AL and AF groups, but after infection, IL-4 boosted in all groups. IFN-γ increased two fold in AF and AL groups compared to the saline solution (AS) group. Worm recovering was of 32-35% in groups administered without antigen whereas in AS, AL and AF groups recovering was of 25%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Macroscopical lesions in the liver were scarce in AL and AF groups. Our data suggest that immunisation of mice with antigens of F. hepatica enhances the immune response avoiding both liver damage and worm establishment after challenge infection. The murine model of fasciolosis has appeared to be useful to elucidate the mechanism by which the parasite modulates immune responses toward a Th2 type but also the development of Th1 type-inducing vaccines.
- MeSH
- antigeny helmintové imunologie krev MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica imunologie patogenita MeSH
- fasciolóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- Freundovo adjuvans imunologie MeSH
- imunomodulace účinky léků MeSH
- játra patologie účinky léků MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- levamisol * imunologie MeSH
- Lymnaea parazitologie MeSH
- metacerkárie MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- myši MeSH
- parazitární zátěž MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- techniky in vitro metody MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
3rd ed. 362 s. ; 24 cm
"Psychopathology & Psychotherapy: DSM-5 Diagnosis, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment, Third Edition differs from other psychopathology and abnormal psychology books. While other books focus on describing diagnostic conditions, this book focus on the critical link between psychopathology and psychotherapy. More specifically, it links diagnostic evaluation, case conceptualization, and treatment selection to psychotherapy practice. Research affirms that knowledge and awareness of these links is essential in planning and providing highly effective psychotherapy. This third edition incorporates detailed case conceptualizations and treatment considerations for the DSM-5 diagnoses most commonly seen in everyday clinical practice. Extensive case studies illustrate the diagnostic, case conceptualization, and treatment process in a way that makes it come alive. Written by practicing clinicians with expertise in specific disorders, this book will be an invaluable resource to both novice and experienced clinicians"--
"This latest edition will incorporate all of the popular features of the first two editions, as well as follow the same chapter headings as in the DSM 5 and emphasize the most common diagnostic presentations; provide tables, charts, and discussion of full DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for all entities covered and serve as a complete diagnostic and treatment manual; and emphasize the roles of integrative diagnostic evaluation, case conceptualization, and treatment selection which are essential to understanding the link between psychopathology and psychotherapy in effective clinical practice"--
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- duševní poruchy diagnóza terapie MeSH
- manuály jako téma MeSH
- mentální retardace MeSH
- osoby s mentálním postižením MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
- psychiatrie MeSH
- psychopatologie MeSH
- psychoterapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- psychoterapie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
- O autorovi
- Adler, Alfred, 1870-1937 Autorita
Medicine
1st ed. xii, 416 s. : il. (některé barev.) ; 26 cm
"Core Topics in Transesophageal Echocardiography is a highly illustrated, full color, comprehensive clinical text reviewing all aspects of TEE. The text has been written particularly for those who are seeking accreditation in TEE. Section 1 includes chapters on first principles including cardiovascular anatomy, safety issues, indications and contraindications for use, US technology and physics and the details of image acquisition and interpretation in a variety of routine pathologies. Section 2 chapters discuss the use of TEE in a variety of more demanding clinical conditions including valve disease, complex ischaemic heart disease, the use of TEE in critical care and emergency settings, new echocardiography technologies, and TEE reporting. An outstanding free companion website (www.cambridge.org/feneck) contains numerous TEE video clips showing both normal and pathological states. Written by leading TEE experts from EACTA and EAE, this is an invaluable practical resource for all clinicians involved in the care of cardiac patients"--Provided by publisher.
