Bird schistosomes and cases of human cercarial dermatitis occur worldwide, but the number of cases is not monitored. Experiments with two schistosomes, namely Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti, show that they possess potent tools to penetration bird and mammalian skin, as well as exhibit species-specific migration patterns within vertebrate bodies. Therefore, the infections may affect different organs/tissues e.g. lungs or spinal cord. In this minireview, the adaptations and pathogenic effects of bird schistosomes in experimental mammals are discussed, and some ideas/hypotheses on risks to humans from exposure to bird schistosome cercariae are expressed.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Lymnaea parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci míchy parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• parazitární onemocnění plic parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ptáci MeSH
• Schistosomatidae fyziologie   patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite their complex life-cycles involving various types of hosts and free-living stages, digenean trematodes are becoming recurrent model systems. The infection and penetration strategy of the larval stages, i.e. cercariae, into the fish host is poorly understood and information regarding their entry portals is not well-known for most species. Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Dubois, 1982 (Digenea, Strigeidae) uses the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), an important marine fish in Mediterranean aquaculture, as a second intermediate host, where they encyst in the brain as metacercariae. Labelling the cercariae with in vivo fluorescent dyes helped us to track their entry into the fish, revealing the penetration pattern that C. longicollis uses to infect S. aurata. METHODS: Two different fluorescent dyes were used: carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and Hoechst 33342 (NB). Three ascending concentrations of each dye were tested to detect any effect on labelled cercarial performance, by recording their survival for the first 5 h post-labelling (hpl) and 24 hpl, as well as their activity for 5 hpl. Labelled cercariae were used to track the penetration points into fish, and cercarial infectivity and later encystment were analysed by recording brain-encysted metacercariae in fish infected with labelled and control cercariae after 20 days of infection. RESULTS: Although the different dye concentrations showed diverse effects on both survival and activity, intermediate doses of CFSE did not show any short-term effect on survival, permitting a brighter and longer recognition of cercariae on the host body surface. Therefore, CFSE helped to determine the penetration points of C. longicollis into the fish, denoting their aggregation on the head, eye and gills region, as well as on the dorsal fin and the lower side. Only CFSE-labelled cercariae showed a decreased number of encysted metacercariae when compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that CFSE is an adequate labelling method for short-term in vivo studies, whereas NB would better suit in vivo studies on long-term performance. Cardiocephaloides longicollis cercariae seem to be attracted to areas near to the brain or those that are likely to be connected to migration routes to neuronal canals.

• MeSH
• benzimidazoly MeSH
• cerkárie MeSH
• fluoresceiny MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
• larva MeSH
• metacerkárie MeSH
• mořan zlatý parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• stadia vývoje MeSH
• sukcinimidy MeSH
• Trematoda růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH