sv.
- MeSH
- Gastroenterology MeSH
- Digestion MeSH
- Publication type
- Periodical MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- gastroenterologie
Digesce a resorpce hrají v metabolizmu organizmu zásadní roli. Poruchy, ať už postihují pouze jednu či obě výše uvedené funkce, významně ovlivňují organizmus jako celek. V případě onemocnění jsou spoluurčující pro další vývoj nemoci, a to jak z pohledu zajištění celkové energetické potřeby, tak i z pohledu optimálního složení přijímaných substrátů v konkrétní situaci. Omezení funkce digesce i resorpce by mělo vést k indikaci náhradní nutrice, a to jak přípravky ve formě sipingu či ve formě speciálních enterálních výživ. Náhradní nutrice vybranými preparáty v klinické praxi, aby měla očekávaný efekt, musí odpovídat fyziologickým požadavkům za situací omezené digesce a resorpce gastrointestinálního traktu.
Digestion and resorption play an essential role in the body's metabolism. Disorders involving one or both of the functions mentioned above significantly affect the organism as a whole. In the case of disease, they codetermine the further course of the disease both in terms of providing the total energy needs and in terms of the optimal composition of the substrates ingested in a particular situation. Impaired function of digestion and resorption should be an indication for nutritional support, both in the form of sipping and in the form of special enteral feeding. In order to have the expected effect, nutritional support with selected products in the clinical practice must meet the physiological needs in the setting of impaired digestion and resorption by the gastrointestinal tract.
- Keywords
- siping,
- MeSH
- Enteral Nutrition methods MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Motility physiology MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Tract anatomy & histology metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipids MeSH
- Lipid Metabolism physiology MeSH
- Carbohydrate Metabolism physiology MeSH
- Proteins physiology metabolism MeSH
- Carbohydrates MeSH
- Digestion physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Tabulae biologicae ; vol. 21
249 s. : il., tab.
- MeSH
- Electrolytes metabolism MeSH
- Enzymes metabolism MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipids MeSH
- Proteins MeSH
- Carbohydrates MeSH
- Intestine, Small metabolism MeSH
- Intestine, Large metabolism MeSH
- Digestion * physiology MeSH
- Digestive System Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Vitamins metabolism MeSH
- Water metabolism MeSH
- Nutrients * metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
13, 133 s. : il.
The early stage of Leishmania development in sand flies is closely connected with bloodmeal digestion. Here we compared various parameters of bloodmeal digestion in sand flies that are either susceptible (Phlebotomus argentipes and P. orientalis) or refractory (P. papatasi and Sergentomyia schwetzi) to Leishmania donovani, to study the effects on vector competence. The volume of the bloodmeal ingested, time of defecation of bloodmeal remnants, timing of formation and degradation of the peritrophic matrix (PM) and dynamics of proteolytic activities were compared in four sand fly species. Both proven vectors of L. donovani showed lower trypsin activity and slower PM formation than refractory species. Interestingly, the two natural L. donovani vectors strikingly differed from each other in secretion of the PM and midgut proteases, with P. argentipes possessing fast bloodmeal digestion with a very high peak of chymotrypsin activity and rapid degradation of the PM. Experimental infections of P. argentipes did not reveal any differences in vector competence in comparison with previously studied P. orientalis; even the very low initial dose (2×103 promastigotes/ml) led to fully developed late-stage infections with colonization of the stomodeal valve in about 40% of females. We hypothesise that the period between the breakdown of the PM and defecation of the bloodmeal remnants, i.e. the time frame when Leishmania attach to the midgut in order to prevent defecation, could be one of crucial parameters responsible for the establishment of Leishmania in the sand fly midgut. In both natural L. donovani vectors this period was significantly longer than in S. schwetzi. Both vectors are equally susceptible to L. donovani; as average bloodmeal volumes taken by females of P. argentipes and P. orientalis were 0.63 μl and 0.59 μl, respectively, an infective dose corresponding to 1-2 parasites was enough to initiate mature infections.
- MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Feces parasitology MeSH
- Insect Vectors immunology metabolism parasitology physiology MeSH
- Blood metabolism MeSH
- Leishmania donovani growth & development physiology MeSH
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral immunology MeSH
- Membranes parasitology MeSH
- Disease Susceptibility MeSH
- Eating * MeSH
- Proteolysis MeSH
- Psychodidae immunology metabolism parasitology physiology MeSH
- Digestion * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
