Galaxolide
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Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, knowledge on the fate and effects of organic pollutants present in the sludge on soil organisms is limited. In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk after amendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21-d period after transferring worms to clean soil. After 1-wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 ± 0.6 μg g-1 galaxolide, 0.04 ± 0.02 μg g-1 tonalide, and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg g-1 triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d of depuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over the depuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2068-2073. © 2017 SETAC.
- MeSH
- benzopyrany analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- dezinficiencia analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza toxicita MeSH
- odpadní vody chemie MeSH
- Oligochaeta účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- toxikokinetika MeSH
- triclosan analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sewage sludge application to soil is of great interest, due to required organic matter and the wide spectra of nutrients it provides. However, the presence of unpredictable content of emerging contaminants may turn this valuable raw material into a hazardous substance. In this study, three selected sewage sludges derived micropollutants from different origins; that is, one each under persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were considered. The effect of each micropollutant on the feeding activity of free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was analysed. The analysis was performed in model soil solution using a larval feeding inhibition assay. The results showed no significant effects from selected POP-2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl either and pharmaceutical-chlortetracycline on the feeding activity of tested nematodes. On the contrary, feeding activity was inhibited by PPCP-galaxolide (HHCB) with an effective concentration of 12.2 ± 2.2 mg.l-1. The calculated risk quotient for galaxolide (RQ = 0.14) demonstrated a medium ecological risk to the nematodes. Based on our findings, concentrations of micropollutants in sewage sludge treated soil pose negligible risk to feeding activity of soil nematode. However, the potential impact of musk compounds on free-living soil biota requires detailed evaluation in further research.
Synthetic musk fragrances, which are contained in almost all scented consumer products, enter aquatic environment mainly by way of wastewater paths. To monitor contamination of the Vltava River by these relatively persistent chemicals in the surroundings of Prague industrialized agglomeration, chub (Leuciscus cephalus) was employed as a bioindicator. Validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for fish sample examination. Polycyclic musks, represented by 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-(gamma)-2-benzopyran (galaxolide) and 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethanone (tonalide) were the most abundant representatives of this group; their levels in fillets were in the range of 1.7 to 105.9 microg/kg and 0.9 to 19.3 microg/kg wet weight, respectively. Nitro-musks, musk ketone, and musk xylene were also detected in most samples; nevertheless, their levels were lower,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- Cyprinidae metabolismus MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- parfém analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
