The Neotropical monophyletic catfish genus Harttia represents an excellent model to study karyotype and sex chromosome evolution in teleosts. Its species split into three phylogenetic clades distributed along the Brazilian territory and they differ widely in karyotype traits, including the presence of standard or multiple sex chromosome systems in some members. Here, we investigate the chromosomal rearrangements and associated synteny blocks involved in the origin of a multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system present in three out of six sampled Amazonian-clade species. Using 5S and 18S ribosomal DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and whole chromosome painting with probes corresponding to X1 and X2 chromosomes of X1X2Y system from H. punctata, we confirm previous assumptions that X1X2Y sex chromosome systems of H. punctata, H. duriventris and H. villasboas represent the same linkage groups which also form the putative XY sex chromosomes of H. rondoni. The shared homeology between X1X2Y sex chromosomes suggests they might have originated once in the common ancestor of these closely related species. A joint arrangement of mapped H. punctata X1 and X2 sex chromosomes in early diverging species of different Harttia clades suggests that the X1X2Y sex chromosome system may have formed through an X chromosome fission rather than previously proposed Y-autosome fusion.
- MeSH
- Y Chromosome MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MeSH
- Sex Chromosomes genetics MeSH
- Catfishes * genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The capacity for anoxygenic photosynthesis is scattered throughout the phylogeny of the Proteobacteria. Their photosynthesis genes are typically located in a so-called photosynthesis gene cluster (PGC). It is unclear (i) whether phototrophy is an ancestral trait that was frequently lost or (ii) whether it was acquired later by horizontal gene transfer. We investigated the evolution of phototrophy in 105 genome-sequenced Rhodobacteraceae and provide the first unequivocal evidence for the horizontal transfer of the PGC. The 33 concatenated core genes of the PGC formed a robust phylogenetic tree and the comparison with single-gene trees demonstrated the dominance of joint evolution. The PGC tree is, however, largely incongruent with the species tree and at least seven transfers of the PGC are required to reconcile both phylogenies. The origin of a derived branch containing the PGC of the model organism Rhodobacter capsulatus correlates with a diagnostic gene replacement of pufC by pufX. The PGC is located on plasmids in six of the analyzed genomes and its DnaA-like replication module was discovered at a conserved central position of the PGC. A scenario of plasmid-borne horizontal transfer of the PGC and its reintegration into the chromosome could explain the current distribution of phototrophy in Rhodobacteraceae.
- MeSH
- Photosynthesis * MeSH
- Phototrophic Processes MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genome, Bacterial MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular * MeSH
- Multigene Family MeSH
- Operon MeSH
- Plasmids genetics metabolism MeSH
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal * MeSH
- DNA Replication MeSH
- Rhodobacteraceae classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... Huether Distribution of Body Fluids, 103 AGING and Distribution of Body Fluids, 104 Water Movement Between ... ... Prevalence, 164 Analysis of Risk Factors, 165 Principles of Multifactorial Inheritance, 165 Basic Model ... ... , 165 Threshold Model, 166 -- Recurrence Risks and Transmission Patterns, 167 -- Nature and Nurture: ... ... , 1520 Fibrous Joints, 1520 Cartilaginous Joints, 1520 Synovial Joints, 1522 Structure and Function of ... ... , 1565 Osteoarthritis, 1565 -- Classic Inflammatory Joint Disease, 1568 Disorders of Skeletal Muscle, ...
7th ed. xxvi, 1810 s. : il. (převážně barev.) ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- Biomedical Research MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Physiology MeSH
- Clinical Medicine MeSH
- Pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Conspectus
- Experimentální medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- patologie
- fyziologie
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
- kolektivní monografie
The in vivo measurement of the activity deposited in the skeleton is a very useful source of information on human internal contaminations with transuranic elements, e.g. americium 241, especially for long time periods after intake. Measurements are performed on the skull or the larger joints such as the knee or elbow. The paper deals with the construction of an anthropomorphic numerical phantom based on CT scans, its potential for calibration and the estimation of the uncertainties of the detection system. The density of bones, activity distribution and position of the detectors were changed in individual simulations in order to estimate their effects on the result of the measurement. The results from simulations with the numerical phantom were compared with the results of physical phantoms.
- MeSH
- Anthropometry methods MeSH
- Models, Biological MeSH
- Biological Assay methods standards MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Head physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Organ Specificity MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Radiometry methods MeSH
- Relative Biological Effectiveness MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Tissue Distribution MeSH
- Uranium pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
... and Tables of Reproduction 135 -- Net Reproductive Rate and Reproductive Value 142 -- Stable Age Distribution ... ... per Progeny 160 -- Patterns in Avian Clutch Sizes 163 -- Evolution of Death Rates and Old Age 169 -- Joint ... ... Other Prospects 264 -- 13 I The Ecological Niche 267 -- History and Definitions 267 The Hypervolume Model ... ... 388 -- Species Diversity 390 -- Latitudinal Gradients in Diversity 394 -- Types of Stability 403 -- ... ... Community Stability 406 -- 19 I Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology 413 -- Species-Area Relationships ...
6th ed. xv, 512 s.
... Blueprint of Neurons Is Similar to Epithelial Cells 69 -- Membranous Organelles Are Selectively Distributed ... ... Selective for Potassium Only 128 -- Resting Channels in Nerve Cells Are Selective for Several Ion Species ... ... Mediated by Nociceptors 442 -- Proprioception Is Mediated by Mechanoreceptors in Skeletal Muscle and Joint ... ... 687 -- Muscles Have Different Actions at Individual Joints 687 -- Rapid Changes in Joint Torque Require ... ... Kandel, Susan Iversen -- Drive States Are Simple Cases of Motivational States That Can be Modeled as ...
4th ed. xxxiii, 1414 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- Behavior MeSH
- Molecular Biology MeSH
- Nervous System Diseases MeSH
- Nervous System MeSH
- Neurochemistry MeSH
- Neurophysiology MeSH
- Neurons MeSH
- Neurosciences MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Conspectus
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NML Fields
- neurovědy
- biologie
... 2.2.7.1 Gas-exchange organs 54 -- 2.2.7.2 Erythropoietic activity 55 -- 2.2.8 Kidney and body fluid distribution ... ... Pancreas 58 -- 2.2.9.3 Liver 58 -- 2.2.10 Musculo-skeletal system 59 -- 2.2.10.1 Bones 59 -- 2.2.10.2 Joints ... ... approaches 96 -- 4.1.1 Principles for testing chemicals in the aged population 96 -- 4.1.2 Animal models ... ... 96 -- 4.1.2.1 Animal species 96 -- 4.1.2.2 Animal strain 97 -- 4.1.2.3 Animal sex 98 -- 4.1.2.4 Selection ... ... -- 4.1.3.2 Route of administration 101 -- 4.1.3.3 Duration of exposure 101 -- 4.1.4 Non-mammalian models ...
Environmental health criteria ; Vol. 144
159 s. : bibliogr.
- Keywords
- staří, stárnutí, proces, prostředí životní, znečištění, vliv na zdraví, účinky nepříznivé, chemikálie, látky chemické škodlivé - prostředí životní - toxicita - kritéria komisí WHO,
- Conspectus
- Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
- NML Fields
- chemie, klinická chemie
- environmentální vědy
- fyziologie
- environmentální vědy
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
