MXenes Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior, high photothermal conversion, and excellent photodynamic efficiency have been explored as alluring materials in photomedicine; the application of photons in medicine is facilitated for imaging and various disease treatment methods such as photothermal cancer/tumor ablation. Non-invasive theranostic strategies with synergistic activities have been developed using photothermal, photodynamic, and magnetic therapies together with remotely controlled drug/gene delivery for the diagnosis and treatment of various malignant diseases. Photothermal/photodynamic therapy and photoacoustic imaging using MXene-based structures have shown great promise in cancer phototherapy. However, hybridization and surface functionalization should be further explored to obtain biocompatible MXene-based composites/platforms with unique properties, high stability, and improved functionality in photomedicine. Toxicological and long-term biosafety assessments as well as clinical translation evaluations ought to be given high priority in research. Although some limited studies have revealed the excellent potentials of MXenes and their derivatives in photomedicine, further steps should be taken towards extensive research and detailed analysis in the field of optimizing the properties and improving the performance of these materials with a clinical and industrial outlook. Optical biosensing platforms have been developed along with electrochemical sensors and wearable sensors constructed from MXenes and their derivatives; future studies warrant the comprehensive analysis of optical transduction aspects such as colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, photoluminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and surface plasmon resonance. Herein, the potentials of MXenes in photomedicine are deliberated encompassing important challenges and future research directions.
- MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * MeSH
- fototerapie metody MeSH
- indukovaná hypertermie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- nanokompozity * chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
MXenes endowed with several attractive physicochemical attributes, namely, specific large surface area, significant electrical conductivity, magnetism, low toxicity, luminescence, and high biocompatibility, have been considered as promising candidates for cancer therapy and theranostics. These two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures endowed with photothermal, chemotherapeutic synergistic, and photodynamic effects have shown promising potential for decidedly effectual and noninvasive anticancer treatments. They have been explored for photothermal/chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT) and for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Remarkably, MXenes with their unique optical properties have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat transition competence renders them an ideal biocompatible and decidedly proficient nanoscaled agent for PTT appliances. However, several important challenging issues still linger regarding their stability in physiological environments, sustained/controlled release of drugs, and biodegradability that need to be addressed. This Perspective emphasizes the latest advancements of MXenes and MXene-based materials in the domain of targeted cancer therapy/diagnosis, with a focus on the current trends, important challenges, and future perspectives.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- fototerapie MeSH
- indukovaná hypertermie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza MeSH
- nanostruktury * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
These days, explorations have focused on designing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with useful (photo)catalytic and environmental applications. Among them, MXene-based composites have garnered great attention owing to their unique optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electronic properties. Various MXene-based photocatalysts have been inventively constructed for a variety of photocatalytic applications ranging from pollutant degradation to hydrogen evolution. They can be applied as co-catalysts in combination with assorted common photocatalysts such as metal sulfide, metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, graphene, and graphitic carbon nitride to enhance the function of photocatalytic removal of organic/pharmaceutical pollutants, nitrogen fixation, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide conversion, among others. High electrical conductivity, robust photothermal effects, large surface area, hydrophilicity, and abundant surface functional groups of MXenes render them as attractive candidates for photocatalytic removal of pollutants as well as improvement of photocatalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts. Herein, the most recent developments in photocatalytic degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants using MXene-based composites are deliberated, with a focus on important challenges and future perspectives; techniques for fabrication of these photocatalysts are also covered.
The plethora of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit wide potential application in novel technologies and advanced devices. However, their stability in environmental conditions could be an issue, affecting their application possibilities and posing health risks. Moreover, their decomposed leftovers can also induce a negative influence on human health. In particular, transition metal carbides commonly referred to as MXenes are susceptible to environmental oxidation being decomposed toward transition metal oxides and carbide-derived carbon. In this study we focused on the oxidation-state-related in vitro cytotoxicity of delaminated V2CTz onto immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and malignant melanoma (A375) human cell lines. Due to the fact, that the V2CTx MXenes are least stable from all known obtained MXenes up to date, the vanadium ones were a practical choice to visualize the oxidation-cytotoxic correlation keeping the standards of 24-48 h of cell culturing. We found that the oxidation of V2CTz highly increases their cytotoxicity toward human cells, which is also time and dose dependent. The identified mode of action relates to the cell cycle as well as cellular membrane disintegration through direct physicochemical interactions.
- MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidy * MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Today, finding novel nanomaterial-based strategies to combat bacterial resistance is an important field of science. MXene-based composites have shown excellent antimicrobial potential owing to their fascinating properties such as excellent photothermal effects, highly active sites, large interlayer spacing, unique chemical structures, and hydrophilicity; they have great potential to damage the bacterial cells by rupturing the bacterial cell membranes, enhancing the permeability across the membrane, causing DNA damages, reducing the metabolic activity, and generating oxidative stress. After inserting into or attaching on the surface of pathogenic bacteria, these two-dimensional structures can cause bacterial membrane disruption and cell content leakage owing to their sharp edges. Remarkably, MXenes and their composites with excellent photothermal performance have been studied in photothermal antibacterial therapy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria and suppress chronic wound infections, thus providing new opportunities for multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing. But, details about the possible interactions between MXene-based nanosystems and bacterial cell membranes are rather scarce. Also, the mechanisms of photothermal antibacterial therapy as well as synergistic tactics including photothermal, photodynamic or chemo-photothermal therapy still need to be uncovered. This review endeavors to delineate critical issues pertaining to the application of MXene-based composites against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, focusing on their photocatalytic inactivation, physical damage, and photothermal antibacterial therapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Two-dimensional (2D) materials remain highly interesting for assembling three-dimensional (3D) structures, amongst others, in the form of macroscopic hydrogels. Herein, we present a novel approach for inducing chemical inter-sheet crosslinks via an ethylenediamine mediated reaction between Ti3C2Tx and graphene oxide in order to obtain a reduced graphene oxide-MXene (rGO-MXene) hydrogel. The composite hydrogels are hydrophilic with a stiffness of ~20 kPa. They also possess a unique inter-connected porous architecture, which led to a hitherto unprecedented ability of human cells across three different types, epithelial adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma and fibroblasts, to form inter-connected three-dimensional networks. The attachments of the cells to the rGO-MXene hydrogels were superior to those of the sole rGO-control gels. This phenomenon stems from the strong affinity of cellular protrusions (neurites, lamellipodia and filopodia) to grow and connect along architectural network paths within the rGO-MXene hydrogel, which could lead to advanced control over macroscopic formations of cellular networks for technologically relevant bioengineering applications, including tissue engineering and personalized diagnostic networks-on-chip. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional hydrogels are made of interconnected polymeric fibres. Unlike conventional case, we used hydrothermal and chemical approach to form interconnected porous hydrogels made of two-dimensional flakes from graphene oxide and metal carbide from a new family of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx). This way, we formed three-dimensional porous hydrogels with unique porous architecture of well-suited chemical surfaces and stiffness. Cells from three different types cultured on these scaffolds formed extended three-dimensional networks - a feature of extended cellular proliferation and pre-requisite for formation of organoids. Considering the studied 2D materials typically constitute materials exhibiting enhanced supercapacitor performances, our study points towards better understanding of design of tissue engineering materials for the future bioengineering fields including personalized diagnostic networks-on-chip, such as artificial heart actuators.
- MeSH
- grafit * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- titan MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials display properties with significant biological utility (e.g., antimicrobial activity). In this study, MXene-functionalized graphene (FG) nanocomposites with Ti3C2T x in varying ratios (FG : Ti3C2T x , 25 : 75%, 50 : 50%, and 75 : 25%) were prepared and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and zeta potential analysis. Their cytotoxicity was assessed using immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells at three different timepoints, and antibacterial activity was assessed using Gram-positive Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Gram-negative neuro-pathogenic Escherichia coli K1 (E. coli K1) in vitro. The nanomaterials and composites displayed potent antibacterial effects against both types of bacteria and low cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells at 200 μg mL-1, which is promising for their utilization for biomedical applications.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have received a lot of interest as portable power sources for wearable electronics. The biocompatibility of electrodes and electrolytes in wearable FSCs is important to consider although research into these topics is still in its early stages. In this work, we developed a wearable FSC that uses MXene Ti3C2 nanosheets and polypyrrole-carboxymethylcellulose nanospheres composite (Ti3C2@PPy-CMC) as the active electrode material and sweat as the electrolyte. The electrochemical performances of Ti3C2@PPy-CMC FSC were analyzed using an artificial sweat solution and exhibited excellent specific capacitance, power density, cycling stability, and bending stability. To demonstrate a real application of Ti3C2@PPy-CMC FSC, a sweat-chargeable FSC patch has been developed that can be applied directly to human clothing and skin to power a portable electronic gadget when the wearer is exercising. A comprehensive electrochemical study of the FSC patch was also conducted in various sweat secretion body regions such as the finger, foot sole, and wrist. Ti3C2@PPy-CMC composite's outstanding electrochemical performance indicates its potential capabilities and biocompatibility in wearable energy storage devices.
