Q95163749
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We examined the proportions of major Betaproteobacteria subgroups within bacterial communities in diverse nonaxenic, monospecific cultures of algae or cyanobacteria: four species of cryptophyta (genera Cryptomonas and Rhodomonas), four species of chlorophyta (genera Pediastrum, Staurastrum, and Chlamydomonas), and two species of cyanobacteria (genera Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon). In the cryptophyta cultures, Betaproteobacteria represented 48 to 71% of total bacteria, the genus Limnohabitans represented 18 to 26%, and the Polynucleobacter B subcluster represented 5 to 16%. In the taxonomically diverse chlorophyta group, the genus Limnohabitans accounted for 7 to 45% of total bacteria. In contrast, cyanobacterial cultures contained significantly lower proportions of the Limnohabitans bacteria (1 to 3% of the total) than the cryptophyta and chlorophyta cultures. Notably, largely absent in all of the cultures was Polynucleobacter necessarius (Polynucleobacter C subcluster). Subsequently, we examined the growth of Limnohabitans strains in the presence of different algae or their extracellular products (EPP). Two strains, affiliated with Limnohabitans planktonicus and Limnohabitans parvus, were separately inoculated into axenic cultures of three algal species growing in an inorganic medium: Cryptomonas sp., Chlamydomonas noctigama, and Pediastrum boryanum. The Limnohabitans strains cocultured with these algae or inoculated into their EPP consistently showed (i) pronounced population growth compared to the control without the algae or EPP and (ii) stronger growth stimulation of L. planktonicus than of L. parvus. Overall, growth responses of the Limnohabitans strains cultured with algae were highly species specific, which suggests a pronounced niche separation between two closely related Limnohabitans species likely mediated by different abilities to utilize the substrates produced by different algal species.
- MeSH
- Betaproteobacteria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Chlorophyta chemie MeSH
- Cryptophyta chemie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- sinice chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The distribution of the phylogenetically narrow R-BT065 cluster (Betaproteobacteria) in 102 freshwater lakes, reservoirs, and various ponds located in central Europe (a total of 122 samples) was examined by using a cluster-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. These habitats differ markedly in pH, conductivity, trophic status, surface area, altitude, bedrock type, and other limnological characteristics. Despite the broad ecological diversity of the habitats investigated, the cluster was detected in 96.7% of the systems, and its occurrence was not restricted to a certain habitat type. However, the relative proportions of the cluster in the total bacterioplankton were significantly lower in humic and acidified lakes than in pH-neutral or alkaline habitats. On average, the cluster accounted for 9.4% of the total bacterioplankton (range, 0 to 29%). The relative abundance and absolute abundance of these bacteria were significantly and positively related to higher pH, conductivity, and the proportion of low-molecular-weight compounds in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and negatively related to the total DOC and dissolved aromatic carbon contents. Together, these parameters explained 55.3% of the variability in the occurrence of the cluster. Surprisingly, no clear relationship of the R-BT065 bacteria to factors indicating the trophic status of habitats (i.e., different forms of phosphorus and chlorophyll a content) was found. Based on our results and previously published data, we concluded that the R-BT065 cluster represents a ubiquitous, highly active segment of bacterioplankton in nonacidic lakes and ponds and that alga-derived substrates likely form the main pool of substrates responsible for its high growth potential and broad distribution in freshwater habitats.
- MeSH
- Betaproteobacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chlorofyl analýza MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- Eukaryota genetika MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- skleníkový efekt MeSH
- sladká voda chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- uhlík analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
We investigated potential niche separation in two closely related (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) syntopic bacterial strains affiliated with the R-BT065 cluster, which represents a subgroup of the genus Limnohabitans. The two strains, designated B4 and D5, were isolated concurrently from a freshwater reservoir. Differences between the strains were examined through monitoring interactions with a bacterial competitor, Flectobacillus sp. (FL), and virus- and predator-induced mortality. Batch-type cocultures, designated B4+FL and D5+FL, were initiated with a similar biomass ratio among the strains. The proportion of each cell type present in the cocultures was monitored based on clear differences in cell sizes. Following exponential growth for 28 h, the cocultures were amended by the addition of two different concentrations of live or heat-inactivated viruses concentrated from the reservoir. Half of virus-amended treatments were inoculated immediately with an axenic flagellate predator, Poterioochromonas sp. The presence of the predator, of live viruses, and of competition between the strains significantly affected their population dynamics in the experimentally manipulated treatments. While strains B4 and FL appeared vulnerable to environmental viruses, strain D5 did not. Predator-induced mortality had the greatest impact on FL, followed by that on D5 and then B4. The virus-vulnerable B4 strain had smaller cells and lower biomass yield, but it was less subject to grazing. In contrast, the seemingly virus-resistant D5, with slightly larger grazing-vulnerable cells, was competitive with FL. Overall, our data suggest contrasting ecophysiological capabilities and partial niche separation in two coexisting Limnohabitans strains.
