In dynamic environments, a central task of the attentional system is to keep track of objects changing their spatial location over time. In some instances, it is sufficient to track only the spatial locations of moving objects (i.e., multiple object tracking; MOT). In other instances, however, it is also important to maintain distinct identities of moving objects (i.e., multiple identity tracking; MIT). Despite previous research, it is not clear whether MOT and MIT performance emerge from the same tracking mechanism. In the present report, we study gaze coherence (i.e., the extent to which participants repeat their gaze behaviour when tracking the same object locations twice) across repeated MOT and MIT trials. We observed more substantial gaze coherence in repeated MOT trials compared to the repeated MIT trials or mixed MOT-MIT trial pairs. A subsequent simulation study suggests that MOT is based more on a grouping mechanism than MIT, whereas MIT is based more on a target-jumping mechanism than MOT. It thus appears unlikely that MOT and MIT emerge from the same basic tracking mechanism.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Fixation, Ocular physiology   MeSH
• Attention * physiology   MeSH
• Motion Perception * physiology   MeSH
• Space Perception physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

In everyday life, we often view objects through a limited aperture (e.g., soccer players on TV or cars slipping into our blind spot on a busy road), where objects often move out of view and reappear in a different place later. We modelled this situation in a series of multiple object tracking (MOT) experiments, in which we introduced a cover on the edges of the observed area and manipulated its width. This method introduced systematic occlusions, which were longer than those used in previous MOT studies. Experiment 1 (N = 50) showed that tracking under such conditions is possible, although difficult. An item-level analysis confirmed that people made more errors in targets that were covered longer and more often. In Experiment 2 (N = 50), we manipulated the tracking workload and found that the participants were less affected by the cover when the tracking load was low. In Experiment 3 (N = 50), we asked the participants to keep track of the objects' identities (multiple identity tracking [MIT]). Although MIT is subjectively more demanding, memorising identities improved performance in the most difficult cover conditions. Contrary to previous reports, we also found that even partial occlusions negatively affected tracking.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Attention * MeSH
• Motion Perception * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The study involved the determination of attitudes toward gender (stereotypes and subjective meanings) in a group of women, who underwent corrective plastic surgery to change their body's proportions in a private clinic in Prague. These operations are used as a way to change bodily proportions and weight. And for this reason, we also tracked other resources available to affect proportions of body. The research sample was made up of 35 middle- class women (based on income), who worked and lived long- term in Prague. Results of the research have shown that the sample embodied masculine characteristics, which are related to productivity, entrepreneurialism and efficiency. Conception of their own gender characteristics are also in accord with conception of man in population. But we could resume these gender characteristics as ideal or real yet. It can be said that an active lifestyle (exercise) in order to impact physical proportions was generally lacking in this group. They prefer passive way to fix their body's proportions. We could admit reason for that is lack of time, because these women are very busy. But we found out more masculine women preferred sport activities rather than more feminine women in our research sample. Considering the increasing popularity of this type of operation, it is advisable to continue with similar studies, even though they present certain challenges in terms of protecting the privacy and comfort of the clients of this private clinic.

• Keywords
• genderová poloha, genderové stereotypy, tělesné sebepojetí, pohybové aktivity,
• MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Surgery, Plastic methods   organization & administration   utilization   MeSH
• Motor Activity MeSH
• Body Image MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Sports psychology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Plastic Surgery Procedures methods   utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH