Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme widely used in the food industry because it creates cross-links between proteins, enhancing the texture and stability of food products. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for modifying the functional characteristics of proteins, significantly impacting the quality and innovation of food products. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation conditions for microbial transglutaminase production by the strain Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum KKP 1658. The effects of nitrogen dose, cultivation time, and initial pH on the activity of the produced transglutaminase were investigated. The significance of the examined factors was determined as follows: cultivation time > nitrogen dose > pH. The interaction between nitrogen dose and cultivation time was found to be crucial, having the second most significant impact on transglutaminase activity. Optimal conditions were identified as 48 h of cultivation with a 2% nitrogen source dose and an initial medium pH of approximately 6.0. Under these conditions, transglutaminase activity ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 U/mL. The results of this study demonstrated that response surface methodology is a promising approach for optimizing microbial transglutaminase production. Future applications of transglutaminase include the development of modern food products with improved texture and nutritional value, as well as its potential use in regenerative medicine for creating biomaterials and tissue scaffolds. This topic is particularly important and timely as it addresses the growing demand for innovative and sustainable solutions in the food and biomedical industries, contributing to an improved quality of life.
- MeSH
- Ascites diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Celiac Disease * diagnosis complications MeSH
- Edema * diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nephrolithiasis diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Celiakie (celiakální sprue, glutenová enteropatie) je celoživotní autoimunitní onemocnění, vyvolané nesnášenlivostí glutenu. V rámci dia- gnostiky je doporučen tzv. cílený screening u osob se symptomy, které mají souvislost s touto chorobou. Prvními provedenými sérologickými testy v rámci tohoto screeningu by mělo být dle aktuálních doporučení ESPGHAN stanovení celkové koncentrace IgA a stanovení koncentrace protilátek proti tkáňové transglutamináze (anti tTGA) ve třídě IgA. Cílem práce bylo zhodnotit efektivitu těchto vyšetření u dětských pacientů s ohledem na jejich věk a zdokumentovat, které symptomy u pacientů s pozitivní anti tTGA převažují. V souboru 4 104 pacientů ve věku 1–18 let, kteří byli vyšetřeni v období od 5/ 2021 do 5/2023, byl zjištěn pozitivní výsledek u 56 z nich (1,36 %). U 29 pacientů se jednalo o nově diagnostikovanou celiakii, 20 pacientů splňovalo kritéria pro cílený screening, 9 pacientů bylo v kontextu celiakie asymptomatických. Z příznaků převažovaly extraintestinální obtíže nad obtížemi gastrointestinálními. Otázkou zůstává, zda tyto sérologické testy provádět nezávisle na věku dítěte. V uvedeném časovém období jsme nezjistili pozitivní hodnotu anti tTGA IgA u žádného z 345 vyšetřených dětí do věku dvou let. Z našich výsledků vyplývá doporučení řídit se pro stanovení spodní věkové hranice pro provedení anti tTGA IgA individuálně u každého pacienta dobou, kdy došlo k zařazení glutenu do stravy.
Coeliac disease (coeliac sprue, gluten enteropathy) is a lifelong autoimmune disease caused by gluten intolerance. As part of the diagnosis, so- -called targeted screening is recommended for people having symptoms relating to the disease. Based on current ESPGHAN recommendations, the initial screening serological tests are total IgA levels and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTGA) IgA. The aim of the study was the evaluation of effectiveness of these examinations, performed to paediatric patients (with regard to their age) and to document the prevailing symptoms experienced by patients with positive anti-tTGA IgA. In a group of 4,104 patients aged 1–18 years examined between 5/21 to 5/23, anti-tTGA IgA was positive in 56 (1,36 %). Twenty-nine patients were newly diagnosed with coeliac disease (20 patients met the targeted screening criteria, 9 were asymptomatic). From the symptoms perspective, extra-intestinal symptomatology pre- vailed over gastrointestinal ones. To this day, performing serological tests regardless of the child‘s age remains a controversial topic. There has been no positive value detected by anti-tTGA IgA in any child below 2 years of age (out of 345 patients tested within the study period). Based on our research, and in order to determine the appropriate lower age limit for anti-tGA IgA screening, we recommend taking into account the time of gluten introduction into the child‘s diet individually.
- MeSH
- Diet, Gluten-Free MeSH
- Biopsy methods MeSH
- Celiac Disease * diagnosis diet therapy immunology prevention & control MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Glutens immunology adverse effects MeSH
- Immunoglobulin A analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 analysis antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Diagnostic Screening Programs * MeSH
- Serologic Tests MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Androgens therapeutic use MeSH
- Biomedical Research MeSH
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation MeSH
- Liver Cirrhosis complications pathology MeSH
- Hepatic Encephalopathy etiology therapy MeSH
- Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Liver Diseases * diagnosis drug therapy prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Organizations MeSH
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Liver Failure therapy MeSH
- Liver Transplantation MeSH
- Fatty Liver drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Autoimmunity MeSH
- Celiac Disease * complications physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Duodenum pathology MeSH
- Histological Techniques MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications immunology physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Antibodies immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Transglutaminases antagonists & inhibitors immunology MeSH
- Infertility, Female * etiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Mechanisms of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) are poorly understood. RV response to volume overload (VO), a common contributing factor to HF, is rarely studied. The goal was to identify interventricular differences in response to chronic VO. Rats underwent aorto-caval fistula (ACF)/sham operation to induce VO. After 24 weeks, RV and left ventricular (LV) functions, gene expression and proteomics were studied. ACF led to biventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction and hypertrophy affecting relatively more RV. Increased RV afterload contributed to larger RV stroke work increment compared to LV. Both ACF ventricles displayed upregulation of genes of myocardial stress and metabolism. Most proteins reacted to VO in a similar direction in both ventricles, yet the expression changes were more pronounced in RV (pslope: < 0.001). The most upregulated were extracellular matrix (POSTN, NRAP, TGM2, CKAP4), cell adhesion (NCAM, NRAP, XIRP2) and cytoskeletal proteins (FHL1, CSRP3) and enzymes of carbohydrate (PKM) or norepinephrine (MAOA) metabolism. Downregulated were MYH6 and FAO enzymes. Therefore, when exposed to identical VO, both ventricles display similar upregulation of stress and metabolic markers. Relatively larger response of ACF RV compared to the LV may be caused by concomitant pulmonary hypertension. No evidence supports RV chamber-specific regulation of protein expression in response to VO.
- MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins genetics metabolism MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics metabolism MeSH
- Myocardium metabolism MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 MeSH
- Proteome genetics metabolism MeSH
- Pyruvate Kinase genetics metabolism MeSH
- Ventricular Remodeling * MeSH
- Heart Ventricles metabolism pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Heart Failure metabolism pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Stroke Volume MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
To date the only efficient treatment of celiac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD), which involves relevant lifestyle changes. Numerous methods measure adherence to GFD, but none is completely reliable. The aim of the study was to compare three frequently used methods to measure adherence to GFD and study factors that influence adherence to GFD. Eighty-one celiac patients 15 years or older, on GFD were evaluated by dietitian interview, a Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and blood antitransglutaminase antibodies (tTG). Factors influencing adherence were assessed by an ad-hoc questionnaire following WHO criteria. Adherent and non-adherent patients were classified in the same category in 44.4% of cases (n=36), (non-adherent=35.8% and adherent= 8.6%). In general, methods identified better non-adherent than adherent individuals. Among the 5 realms defined by WHO, when tTG (positive/negative) defined adherence, logistic regression identified ten significant variables (information about disease, income, education, cost of gluten-free products, eating in restaurants, time on GFD, symptoms at diagnosis, number of symptoms at time of diagnosis, other chronic diseases present, allergy/food intolerance plus a chronic disease and CD). Using the interview as reference, two variables were significant (self-perception of knowledge of the GFD, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms when gluten is consumed). Results illustrate the difficulties of measuring both adherence to GFD and the factors that influences it. Further studies should explore new markers able to measure the amount of gluten necessary to activate autoantibodies production and the time they take to stop their production once the patient stops gluten ingestion.
- MeSH
- Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Diet, Gluten-Free * MeSH
- Celiac Disease * diet therapy immunology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Logistic Models MeSH
- Antibodies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Interviews as Topic MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Transglutaminases antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Chile MeSH
Celiakie je celoživotní autoimunitní onemocnění, které vzniká u geneticky predisponovaných jedinců vlivem konzumace glutenu. Glutenem navozená autoimunitní enteropatie narušuje komplexní fyziologické, bariérové a imunitní funkce tenkého střeva, čímž způsobuje neobyčejně pestré klinické projevy. Kromě příznaků střevních a malabsorpčních má velmi variabilní příznaky mimostřevní, a proto je chápána jako systémová autoimunitní choroba. Článek podává přehled o současném stavu znalostí o etiopatogenezi celiakie, včetně patogeneze jejích intestinálních a extraintestinálních projevů.
Celiac disease is a lifelong autoimmune disease occuring in genetically predisposed individuals upon ingestion of gluten. Gluten-induced autoimmune enteropathy disrupts complex physiological, barrier and immune functions of small intestine leading to extraordinary broad clinical symptomatology. Besides intestinal complaints, celiac patients have a large variety of extraintestinal symptoms. Therefore, celiac disease is considered as a systemic autoimmune disorder. The article provides an overview on etiopathogenesis of celiac disease, including pathogenesis of the intestinal and extraintestinal symptomatology.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Autoimmunity MeSH
- Celiac Disease * etiology genetics physiopathology MeSH
- Glutens analysis physiology metabolism MeSH
- HLA-DQ Antigens MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa physiopathology MeSH
- Intestine, Small physiopathology MeSH
- Transglutaminases physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Pathogenic Bordetella bacteria release a neurotropic dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) that is endocytosed into animal cells and permanently activates the Rho family GTPases by polyamination or deamidation of the glutamine residues in their switch II regions (e.g., Gln63 of RhoA). DNT was found to enable high level colonization of the nasal cavity of pigs by B. bronchiseptica and the capacity of DNT to inhibit differentiation of nasal turbinate bone osteoblasts causes atrophic rhinitis in infected pigs. However, it remains unknown whether DNT plays any role also in virulence of the human pathogen B. pertussis and in pathogenesis of the whooping cough disease. We report a procedure for purification of large amounts of LPS-free recombinant DNT that exhibits a high biological activity on cells expressing the DNT receptors Cav3.1 and Cav3.2. Electron microscopy and single particle image analysis of negatively stained preparations revealed that the DNT molecule adopts a V-shaped structure with well-resolved protein domains. These results open the way to structure-function studies on DNT and its interactions with airway epithelial layers.
- MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis enzymology genetics pathogenicity MeSH
- 3T3 Cells MeSH
- A549 Cells MeSH
- Epithelial Cells metabolism ultrastructure MeSH
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella genetics metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Skin drug effects pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice, Inbred BALB C MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Necrosis MeSH
- Animals, Newborn MeSH
- Protein Domains MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Transglutaminases genetics metabolism toxicity ultrastructure MeSH
- Calcium Channels, T-Type genetics metabolism MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
