• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• praktické lékařství * organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * metody   MeSH
• screeningové diagnostické programy MeSH
• zdravotní výchova metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Exposures to social and environmental stressors arise individual behavioural response and thus indirectly affect cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate several social and environmental stressors and the paths of their influence on cardiometabolic health. The data of 2154 participants (aged 25-64 years) from the cross-sectional population-based study were analysed. The composite score of metabolic disorders (MS score) was calculated based on 5 biomarkers: waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides. The effects of social stressors (education level, income), environmental stressors (NO2, noise) and behavioural factors (unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviours) on MS score were assessed using a structural model. We observed a direct effect of education on MS score, as well as an indirect effect mediated via an unhealthy diet, smoking, and sedentary behaviours. We also observed a significant indirect effect of income via sedentary behaviours. The only environmental stressor predicting MS was noise, which also mediated the effect of education. In summary, the effect of social stressors on the development of cardiometabolic risk had a higher magnitude than the effect of the assessed environmental factors. Social stressors lead to an individual's unhealthy behaviour and might predispose individuals to higher levels of environmental stressors exposures.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodní články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

To update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted an umbrella review and updated systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) of prospective cohort studies of the association between dietary pulses with or without other legumes and cardiometabolic disease outcomes. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2019. We included the most recent SRMAs of prospective cohort studies and new prospective cohort studies published after the census dates of the included SRMAs assessing the relation between dietary pulses with or without other legumes and incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [including coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke], diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Risk estimates were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Six SRMAs were identified and updated to include 28 unique prospective cohort studies with the following number of cases for each outcome: CVD incidence, 10,261; CVD mortality, 16,168; CHD incidence, 7786; CHD mortality, 3331; MI incidence, 2585; stroke incidence, 8570; stroke mortality, 2384; diabetes incidence, 10,457; hypertension incidence, 83,284; obesity incidence, 8125. Comparing the highest with the lowest level of intake, dietary pulses with or without other legumes were associated with significant decreases in CVD (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), CHD (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99), hypertension (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), and obesity (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94) incidence. There was no association with MI, stroke, and diabetes incidence or CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality. The overall certainty of the evidence was graded as "low" for CVD incidence and "very low" for all other outcomes. Current evidence shows that dietary pulses with or without other legumes are associated with reduced CVD incidence with low certainty and reduced CHD, hypertension, and obesity incidence with very low certainty. More research is needed to improve our estimates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03555734.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• Fabaceae * MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• koronární nemoc epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• semena rostlinná * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Elevated serum urate levels cause gout and correlate with cardiometabolic diseases via poorly understood mechanisms. We performed a trans-ancestry genome-wide association study of serum urate in 457,690 individuals, identifying 183 loci (147 previously unknown) that improve the prediction of gout in an independent cohort of 334,880 individuals. Serum urate showed significant genetic correlations with many cardiometabolic traits, with genetic causality analyses supporting a substantial role for pleiotropy. Enrichment analysis, fine-mapping of urate-associated loci and colocalization with gene expression in 47 tissues implicated the kidney and liver as the main target organs and prioritized potentially causal genes and variants, including the transcriptional master regulators in the liver and kidney, HNF1A and HNF4A. Experimental validation showed that HNF4A transactivated the promoter of ABCG2, encoding a major urate transporter, in kidney cells, and that HNF4A p.Thr139Ile is a functional variant. Transcriptional coregulation within and across organs may be a general mechanism underlying the observed pleiotropy between urate and cardiometabolic traits.

• MeSH
• ABC transportér z rodiny G, člen 2 genetika   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• dna (nemoc) krev   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetické lokusy MeSH
• genetické markery * MeSH
• hepatocytární jaderný faktor 1-alfa genetika   MeSH
• hepatocytární jaderný faktor 4 genetika   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci krev   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kyselina močová krev   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci krev   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• nádorové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conducted a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explain the relationship between different dietary patterns and patient-important cardiometabolic outcomes. To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in the prevention and management of diabetes, we summarize the evidence from these evidence syntheses for the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement, and vegetarian dietary patterns. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. We summarized the evidence for disease incidence outcomes and risk factor outcomes using risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. The Mediterranean diet showed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (RR: 0.62; 95%CI, 0.50, 0.78), and non-significant CVD mortality (RR: 0.67; 95%CI, 0.45, 1.00) benefit. The DASH dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and was associated with the decreased incidence of CVD (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.76, 0.85). Vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and the reduced incidence (0.72; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.85) and mortality (RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.69, 0.88) of coronary heart disease. The Portfolio dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 13% (-1.34% (95%CI, -2.19 to -0.49)). The Nordic dietary pattern was correlated with decreased CVD (0.93 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.99)) and stroke incidence (0.87 (95%CI, 0.77, 0.97)) and, along with liquid meal replacements, improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05). The evidence was assessed as low to moderate certainty for most dietary patterns and outcome pairs. Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement and vegetarian dietary patterns have cardiometabolic advantages in populations inclusive of diabetes.

• MeSH
• DASH dieta MeSH
• diabetes mellitus dietoterapie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MEDLINE MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nutriční terapie metody   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• strava středomořská MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Skandinávie a severské státy MeSH

To determine whether systemic medical factors, such as vascular risk factors, metabolic and inflammatory markers contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD); if confirmed to determine whether a clinically applicable risk factor model can predict the conversion from normal cognition (NC) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 58 patients who met the UK Brain Bank Criteria for PD underwent clinical and laboratory assessment at study entry; 47 patients were re-assessed after 2 years. Medical history, vascular risk (QRISK2), blood metabolic and inflammatory factors, brain vessel examinations, activity of daily living, and neuropsychological testing were performed. Forty patients had NC and 18 patients had MCI at baseline. Patients with MCI had higher level of interleukin 6, folic acid below normal range and higher L-dopa equivalent dose compared to cognitive normal patients at baseline. Patients with NC at baseline were classified into two groups: patients who remained cognitively normal (non-converters, n = 23) and patients who progressed to MCI (converters, n = 11). MCI converters were older at baseline and had higher QRISK2 than the non-converters. Patients with higher QRISK2, lower uric acid level and lower activity of daily living scale at baseline had a higher risk of converting from NC to MCI with a sensitivity of 72.2%, a specificity of 87%, and an overall accuracy of 82.4%. Systemic medical factors are associated with cognitive impairment in PD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A risk factor model predicting the decline from NC to MCI could be constructed.

• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy diagnóza   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolické nemoci diagnóza   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnóza   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

CONTEXT: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is found in a subset of obese individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine possible determinants of MHO related to the length of exposure to obesity, lifestyle factors, and dietary intake in adolescent boys. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment study. Participants and Main Measures: Of 313 boys age 13.0-17.9 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 97th percentile for age, two study cohorts were established based on two definitions of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Cohort 1 included 18 boys with at least three risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia) who were matched for age, weight, height, and BMI with 18 boys with MHO. Cohort 2 included 35 boys with at least two risk factors who were compared with 31 boys with MHO. MHO was defined by the absence of cardiometabolic risk factors (excluding waist). Data on lifestyle factors and BMI growth trajectories were compared (MHO vs MUO). RESULTS: Boys with MUO (Cohort 1) presented with an earlier onset (4.3 vs 9.1 y; P = .005) and a longer duration of obesity (11.2 vs 6.4 y; P = .003) compared with those with MHO in both group comparisons using different MUO definitions. We found an overall trend toward higher BMI z scores (significant from 3-7 y; P < .001) in metabolically unhealthy compared with their healthy counterparts (Cohort 1). Boys with MHO had higher carbohydrate intake (P < .001). No additional determinants of MHO were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cardiometabolic risk in boys is related to an earlier onset and a longer duration of obesity.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolicky zdravá obezita epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• akademie a ústavy trendy   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum trendy   MeSH
• fyziologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rozvoj plánování * metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• hormonální disruptory, bisfenol A, ftaláty, nonylfenol, obezogeny,
• MeSH
• dioxiny analýza   chemie   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory * metabolismus   normy   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• kyseliny ftalové metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * normy   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• triclosan chemie   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH