- MeSH
- antigeny protozoální chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Apicomplexa imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- apikoplasty imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- biologická adaptace MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- extracelulární prostor imunologie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protozoální infekce zvířat imunologie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Under environmental conditions, fish can be exposed to multiple stressors including natural toxins and infectious agents at the same time. This study brings new knowledge on the effects of controlled exposure to multiple stressors in fish. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that influence of cyanobacterial biomass and an infection agent represented by the white spot disease can combine to enhance the effects on fish. METHODS: Common carps were divided into four groups, each with 40 specimens for 20 days: control group, cyanobacterial biomass exposed group, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis-infected fish (Ich) and cyanobacterial biomass-exposed fish + Ichthyophthirius multifiliis-infected fish. During the experiment we evaluated the clinical signs, mortality, selected haematological parameters, immune parameters and toxin accumulation. RESULTS: There was no mortality in control fish and cyanobacterial biomass-exposed fish. One specimen died in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis-infected fish and the combined exposure resulted in the death of 13 specimens. The whole leukocyte counts (WBC) of the control group did not show any significant differences. Cyanobacteria alone caused a significant increase of the WBC on day 13 (p≤0.05) and on day 20 (p≤0.01). Also, I. multifiliis caused a significant elevation of WBC (p≤0.01) on day 20. Co-exposition resulted in WBC increased on day 13 and decrease on day 20, but the changes were not significant. It is evident from the differential leukocyte counts that while the increase of WBC in the group exposed to cyanobacteria was caused by elevation of lymphocytes, the increase in the group infected by I. multifiliis was due to the increase of myeloid cells. It well corresponds with the integral of chemiluminescence in the group infected by I. multifiliis, which is significantly elevated on day 20 in comparison with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We can confirm additive action of different agents on the immune system of fish. While single agents seemed to stimulate the immune response, the combination of both caused immunosuppression.
- MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny toxicita MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Ciliophora MeSH
- fyziologický stres imunologie MeSH
- imunitní systém imunologie MeSH
- kapři imunologie MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- mikrocystiny toxicita MeSH
- mořské toxiny toxicita MeSH
- nemoci ryb imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie MeSH
- sinice růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Seven- to eight-week-old rabbits were infected with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948, a highly immunogenic coccidium, or Eimeria flavescens Marotel et Guilhon, 1941, which is weakly immunogenic. Immune response was investigated at 7, 14 and 21 days post inoculation (DPI). The level of serum immunoglobulins, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by parasite antigens and weight of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) showed similar dynamics in rabbits inoculated with both coccidia species. The amount of serum IgG and IgM, but not IgA, was increased from 14 DPI. The lymphocytes from MLN of infected animals significantly reacted to stimulation with parasite antigen 14 and 21 DPI and MLN were enlarged at 14 DPI. Thus, both parasite species elicited immune response characterized by these parameters in a similar manner despite of their different immunogenicity. The only apparent difference in the responses was in the percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes in the specific site of parasite development (the last third of the small intestine in E. intestinalis, caecum in E. flavescens), which increased in rabbits infected with E. intestinalis but not with E. flavescens. This parameter reflects the status of local immunity and hence the results suggest that the local reaction plays an important role in induction of protective immunity to coccidia in rabbits.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- Eimeria imunologie patogenita MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kokcidióza imunologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- mezenterium imunologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium parvum patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- dexamethason aplikace a dávkování imunologie MeSH
- erythromycin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protilátky MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- toxoplazmóza imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- imunoglobulin A MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- imunoglobulin M MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- komplement fixační testy MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningoencefalitida MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- protilátky analýza MeSH
- protozoální infekce etiologie imunologie patologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
