Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging pathogen that initially causes flu-like symptoms and can progress to central nervous system (CNS) infections. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an endemic disease in southern coastal counties with regular human cases, while the causative agent, TBEV, is prevalent in ticks in most of the coastal regions of Norway. This study was aimed to understand TBEV infection status across Norway including both TBE endemic and non-endemic areas. For this, we analyzed a total of 1940 residual serum samples from 19 counties of Norway (as of 2016). The samples were initially screened by ELISA, followed by virus neutralization tests for TBEV confirmation. We found a similar TBEV seroprevalence of 1.7% in TBE endemic and 1.6% in non-endemic areas. Since TBE cases are only reported from endemic regions, our findings suggest a potential subclinical or asymptomatic infection and underdiagnosis in non-endemic areas. Notably, only 43% of the ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by virus neutralization tests indicating that not all ELISA positives are true TBEV infections. Additionally, 137 samples of patients presenting with symptoms of CNS infections from a non-endemic area were included. Of these samples, 11 ELISA-positive samples were analyzed for cross-reactivity among flaviviruses. Cross-reactivity was detected with Dengue virus, West Nile Virus, and non-specific reactions. This underscores the importance of using multiple diagnostic tests to confirm TBEV infections. None of the patients with CNS infection was found to be TBE positive, and in the whole cohort, we found a low TBEV seroprevalence of 0.7%.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida * krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neutralizační testy MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Norsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: The neurofilament light chain (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum as a marker of neuronal damage may be a potential biomarker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE). METHODS: 80 patients with SLE were included.We obtained paired serum and CSF samples from 48 patients (NPSLE n=32, non-NPSLE n=16) and 31 controls. The serum and CSF levels of NfL were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Patients with NPSLE demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum NfL compared with the non-NPSLE group (mean 31.68±36.63 pg/mL vs mean 16.75±12.48 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05) and with controls (mean 10.74±4.36 pg/mL, p<0.01). Notably, CSF NfL concentrations in patients with NPSLE showed an upward trend (mean 1600±2852 pg/mL) in contrast to non-NPSLE patients (mean 393.4±191.9 pg/mL) and controls (mean 509.7±358.5 pg/mL). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum and CSF NfL levels in patients with NPSLE (R=0.8686, p<0.01). Elevated serum triacylglycerol concentrations, C reactive protein and organ damage were linked to increased serum (p=0.002; p<0.001; p=0.036) and CSF (p=0.008; p=0.007; p<0.001) NfL concentrations. In addition, we established a significant correlation between intrathecal NfL concentrations and interleukin-6 levels in the CSF of patients with NPSLE (R=0.5118, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The serum NfL levels may be a readily available marker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE.

• MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• interleukin-6 krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. To further characterize the LB burden in the Czech Republic, we conducted a seroprevalence study and estimated the incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections. METHODS: Anti-Bbsl IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in sera collected from the adult population in 2011 -2012 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests at the National Reference Laboratory. The incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated from the seroprevalence results and the symptomatic proportion and duration of persistence of anti-Bbsl IgG antibodies in Bbsl-infected individuals. Surveillance under-detection of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated by comparing surveillance-reported and seroprevalence-based incidence. RESULTS: Samples from 1996 adults were tested; the median age (range) was 45 (18 -87) years; 1037 (52.0 %) were female. The prevalence (with 95 % confidence interval) of anti-Bbsl IgG, and IgM and/or IgG (IgM/IgG) antibodies was 6.3 % (5.3 -7.5 %), and 9.5 % (8.3 -10.9 %), respectively. The IgM/IgG prevalence was 7.8 % (6.5 -9.2 %) in Bohemia and 15.3 % (12.2 -19.0 %) in Moravia. There were an estimated 30,563 (26,550 -34,962) symptomatic incident Bbsl infections in adults in the Czech Republic in 2012, for an incidence of 352.2 (306.0 -402.9) symptomatic Bbsl infections per 100,000 adults per year. There were an estimated 11 (10 -13) symptomatic Bbsl infections for each surveillance-reported LB case in the Czech Republic in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: There is high incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections in the Czech Republic, particularly in Moravia. Interventions are needed to address the substantial burden of LB in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex * imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA * MeSH
• imunoglobulin G * krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M * krev   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   krev   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální * krev   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Non-immune cells, like innate immune cells, can develop a memory-like phenotype in response to priming with microbial compounds or certain metabolites, which enables an enhanced response to a secondary unspecific stimulus. This paper describes a step-by-step protocol for the induction and analysis of trained immunity in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We then describe steps for cell culture with cryopreserved vascular cells, subcultivation, and induction of trained immunity. We then provide detailed procedures for downstream analysis using ELISA and qPCR. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al. (2020)1 and Shcnack et al.2.

• MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• endoteliální buňky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myocyty hladké svaloviny MeSH
• trénovaná imunita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background and Objectives: Initial diagnosis of brest cancer (BC) is important for fate and prognosis of the diseases profile, we sought to identify the correlation between Midkine (MK) as a new biomarker with cancer antigen (CA)15-3, liver function test, renal function test, blood cells parameters in individuals with invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods: The serum MK and CA15-3 of all subjects were measured by the ELISA technique, Liver enzymes were measured by colourimetric methods and neutrophils, and lymphocytes were measured by an Electrical Impedance Cell Counting method (automated machine).Results: The results of the correlation among serum MK and other parameters in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast showed a considerable positive correlation among MK and CA15-3 and measured white blood cells. Moreover, there were a weak correlation with Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and RBC, while there is no correlation between serum MK and other liver enzymes or blood parameters. Conclusion: The study results of the correlation between serum MK and other parameters in colorectal carcinoma patients show a significant positive correlation of MK with CA15-3 markers in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

• MeSH
• duktální karcinom prsu krev   MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• jaterní testy MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• midkin * analýza   krev   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * krev   MeSH
• nádory prsu * diagnóza   krev   MeSH
• neutrofily metabolismus   MeSH
• vyšetření funkce ledvin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Equine neosporosis is an intracellular protozoan disease with a global distribution, affecting a diverse range of warm-blooded animals. Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 is associated with foetal loss, neurological disease and abortion in equids. No information was available regarding equine N. caninum infection among equids in Iraq. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of N. caninum in equines by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). A total of 329 blood samples randomly selected from equines, comprising 268 horses and 61 donkeys were examined. The seroprevalence rate of N. caninum was determined as 46% (28/61) for donkeys and 24% (64/268) for horses. The prevalence of N. caninum indicated a significantly higher risk of infection in donkeys compared to horses (P < 0.001). However, the odds of N. caninum infection in draught equids were 8.2 times greater than other equids with a significant difference (P < 0.001). The current study revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of N. caninum across various genders, breeds, clinical statuses, disease histories and among equids that had contact with dogs. While outdoor feeding and mixed (grazing), showed a significant difference (P = 0.003) and (P = 0.75), respectively, in the presence of antibodies against N. caninum compared to indoor feeding (stable). Moreover, the odds of infection in equids with a history of late abortion were 4.8 times higher than those without such a history of abortion (2.20-10.56) with statistical significance (P < 0.001).

• MeSH
• ELISA * veterinární   MeSH
• Equidae * parazitologie   MeSH
• kokcidióza * veterinární   epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní * epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Neospora * izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Irák MeSH

V souboru očkovaných a neočkovaných jedinců, kteří prodělali nebo neprodělali onemocnění Covid-19, jsme sledovali vztah mezi anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG a některými parametry, které mají dle literatury význam při rozvoji a průběhu onemocnění Covid-19. Šlo o celkové IgG, podtřídy IgG1-4, složky komplementu C3c, C4 a cirkulující imunokomplexy (CIK). Zjistili jsme, že neočkovaní, očkovaní vakcínou Pfizer/BioNTech a Moderna a rovněž prodělavší a neprodělavší onemocnění Covid-19 se významně liší v hladině antiSARS-CoV-2 IgG. Očkování mělo na výši hladiny protilátek větší vliv než prodělání onemocnění. IgG4 se zvýšilo u očkovaných po vakcíně Pfizer/BioNTech. Ostatní podtřídy IgG, celkové IgG, CIK a složky komplementu se mezi skupinami statisticky významně nelišily.

In a group of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals who did or did not experience Covid-19 disease, we monitored the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and some parameters that, according to the literature, are important in the development and course of illness of Covid-19. These were total IgG, IgG1-4 subclasses, complement components C3c, C4 and circulating immune complexes (CIC). We found that unvaccinated, vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccine, as well as advanced and non-advanced Covid-19 patients differed significantly in the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Vaccination had a greater effect on the level of antibodies than experiencing the disease. IgG4 increased in vaccinees after the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Other IgG subclasses, total IgG, CIC and complement components were not statistically significantly different between groups.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G analýza   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• indikátory a reagencie klasifikace   MeSH
• komplement MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefelometrie a turbidimetrie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• vakcinace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• analýza potravin * metody   MeSH
• bezlepková dieta * MeSH
• ELISA metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• gluteny analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potraviny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výzkum přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• zpracovaná potravina statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to analyse the risks of Lyme borreliosis (LB) among 1,070 forestry workers, the influence of responsible behaviour (use of repellents, skin self-inspection) on Borrelia screening result status, and the occurrence of immediate and mid-term symptoms after tick bites and LB positive serological screening test. METHODS: The questionnaire was conducted as well as blood tests for LB disease by one-stage serological screening procedure using ELISA for specific B. burgdorferi IgM and IgG antibodies (EuroImmun AG company, Germany). RESULTS: While 39.6% of foresters were LB positive among bitten foresters, as many as 27.0% were LB positive among those, who did not recall any tick attacks at all. Individuals with known history of tick bites had significantly higher odds (1.770×) of being LB positive (p < 0.05), while the use of repellents or skin self-inspection after visiting woods had no influence on LB results. The odds of skin discolouration after tick bites was significantly lower (0.682×) in case of LB positive test compared to LB negative test (p < 0.05), which can be explained by the fact that foresters could be unaware about erythema migrans appearance and timing, considering tick bite and developed later rash as completely separate events. Moreover, 69.1% of the bitten foresters with LB positive result developed no secondary symptoms (excluding those related to the skin), and the most frequent clinical symptoms were arthralgia (24.9%), followed by myalgia (7.6%), headache (5.7%), and damage to facial nerve (2.7%), which are non-specific and can be present in other illnesses. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the recommendations proposed would be the regular laboratory testing for LB of sensitive and at-risk population, who visits endemic woody areas, irrespective of all other factors involved.

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• klíště * MeSH
• kousnutí klíštětem * MeSH
• lesnictví MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

INTRODUCTION: IL-40 is a novel cytokine associated with autoimmune connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Sjögren syndrome. We have previously shown an accumulation of IL-40 in the RA joint and its expression by immune cells and fibroblasts. Therefore, we aimed to assess the role of IL-40 in association with hyaline cartilage and chondrocyte activity. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect IL-40 in paired samples of loaded and unloaded regions of osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage (n=5). Synovial fluid IL-40 was analysed by ELISA in OA (n=31) and control individuals after knee injury (n=34). The impact of IL-40 on chondrocytes was tested in vitro. RESULTS: IL-40 was found in chondrocytes of the superficial zone of the OA cartilage, both in loaded and unloaded explants. Additionally, only biopsies from loaded explants showed significant IL-40 positivity in transitional zone chondrocytes. Levels of IL-40 were significantly elevated in the synovial fluid from OA patients compared to controls (p<0.0009) and correlated with synovial fluid leukocyte counts in OA (r=0.444, p=0.014). Chondrocytes exposed to IL-40 dose dependently increased in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (p<0.0001) and IL-8 (p=0.004). Moreover, a dose dependent up-regulation of matrix degrading metalloproteinases MMP-1 (p=0.004), MMP-3 (p=0.031) and MMP-13 (p=0.0002) upon IL-40 treatment was observed in contrast to untreated chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate the accumulation of IL-40 in OA cartilage and its up-regulation in the synovial fluid of OA patients compared to controls. In addition, extracellular IL-40 appears to play a role in promoting inflammation and cartilage destruction by driving chondrocyte behaviour towards a more aggressive phenotype.

• MeSH
• chondrocyty * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• interleukiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoartróza * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• synoviální tekutina * metabolismus   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH