One of the promising approaches in the therapy of ulcerative colitis is administration of butyrate, an energy source for colonocytes, into the lumen of the colon. This study investigates the effect of butyrate producing bacterium Clostridium tyrobutyricum on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reared in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions were treated intrarectally with C. tyrobutyricum 1 week prior to the induction of DSS colitis and during oral DSS treatment. Administration of DSS without C. tyrobutyricum treatment led to an appearance of clinical symptoms - bleeding, rectal prolapses and colitis-induced increase in the antigen CD11b, a marker of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The severity of colitis was similar in BALB/c and SCID mice as judged by the histological damage score and colon shortening after 7 days of DSS treatment. Both strains of mice also showed a similar reduction in tight junction (TJ) protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 expression and of MUC-2 mucin depression. Highly elevated levels of cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the colon of SCID mice and of interleukin (IL)-18 in BALB/c mice were observed. Intrarectal administration of C. tyrobutyricum prevented appearance of clinical symptoms of DSS-colitis, restored normal MUC-2 production, unaltered expression of TJ protein ZO-1 and decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-18 in the descending colon of SCID and BALB/c mice, respectively. Some of these features can be ascribed to the increased production of butyrate in the lumen of the colon and its role in protection of barrier functions and regulation of IL-18 expression.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- antigeny CD11b biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- aplikace rektální MeSH
- bakteriální translokace MeSH
- butyráty metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium tyrobutyricum fyziologie MeSH
- fosfoproteiny biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- imunokompetence MeSH
- interleukin-18 biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- kolon metabolismus mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- mastné kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- membránové proteiny biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- mucin 2 biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- muciny biosyntéza MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- síran dextranu toxicita MeSH
- těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience genetika imunologie MeSH
- TNF-alfa biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida chemicky indukované genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A new microscope produced by the company Lambda Praha, applicable to field studies, was used for the observation of biofilms growing on stones and rocks of the Red Sea beach at Sharm El Sheikh resort in Egypt. The microscope was equipped with a novel LED illumination system, independent of sunlight as the light source, and an attachable mechanical stage making possible a precise and systematic observation of the preparation. Using this device, black biofilms of cyanobacteria and green biofilms of algae were studied; characteristic sheaths protecting the cells against the intense sunlight were found in cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Lyngbya. Trichomes on phylloids consisting of 3 to 4 cells were observed in algae belonging to the genus Padina, whose nuclei were degraded as a result of apoptosis, which is in contrast to the species Padina pavonia containing visible nuclear residues observed on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea near Lastovo island in Croatia in 2007.
A cosmid bearing an insert of 38 217 bp covering the gene cluster and its flanking regions of type strain Streptomyces lincolnensis ATCC 25466 was sequenced. Two relatively extensive sequence changes and several hundred point mutations were identified if compared with the previously published sequence of the lincomycin (Lin) industrial strain S. lincolnensis 78-11. Analysis of the cluster-flanking regions revealed its localization within the genome of the ATCC 25466 strain. The cluster-bearing cosmid was integrated into the chromosome of Lin non-producing strains S. coelicolor CH 999 and S. coelicolor M 145. The modified strains heterologously produced Lin but the level dropped to approximately 1-3% of the production in the ATCC 25466 strain.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky biosyntéza chemie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- bodová mutace MeSH
- genová knihovna MeSH
- kosmidy MeSH
- linkomycin biosyntéza chemie MeSH
- multigenová rodina MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Streptomyces coelicolor genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Streptomyces genetika metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
