BACKGROUND: Several studies have addressed the epidemiology of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) in Europe; nonetheless, a comprehensive perspective remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to describe the population structure of CA-SA and to shed light on the origin of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in this continent. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A total of 568 colonization and infection isolates, comprising both MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were recovered in 16 European countries, from community and community-onset infections. The genetic background of isolates was characterized by molecular typing techniques (spa typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing) and the presence of PVL and ACME was tested by PCR. MRSA were further characterized by SCCmec typing. We found that 59% of all isolates were associated with community-associated clones. Most MRSA were related with USA300 (ST8-IVa and variants) (40%), followed by the European clone (ST80-IVc and derivatives) (28%) and the Taiwan clone (ST59-IVa and related clonal types) (15%). A total of 83% of MRSA carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and 14% carried the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Surprisingly, we found a high genetic diversity among MRSA clonal types (ST-SCCmec), Simpson's index of diversity = 0.852 (0.788-0.916). Specifically, about half of the isolates carried novel associations between genetic background and SCCmec. Analysis by BURP showed that some CA-MSSA and CA-MRSA isolates were highly related, suggesting a probable local acquisition/loss of SCCmec. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that CA-MRSA origin, epidemiology and population structure in Europe is very dissimilar from that of USA.

• MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• infekce získané v komunitě * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of antibiotic resistance genes as well as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI macrorestriction fragments of genomic DNA were used to characterize 45 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolates responsible of bacteremia recovered in patients at the Bone Marrow Transplant Centre of Tunisia in 1998-2007. Among the 45 MRCoNS isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent species (75.6%) followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (22.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (2.2%). Extended susceptibility profiles were generated for MRCoNS against 16 antimicrobial agents. Out of 45 mecA-positive strains, 43 (95.6%) were phenotypically methicillin-resistant and two (4.4%) were methicillin-susceptible. The msr(A) was the most prevalent gene (13 isolates; 48.1%) among erythromycin-resistant isolates. The erm(C) was found alone in seven (25.9%) or in combination with both erm(A) and erm(B) in two (7.4%) isolates. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia was the most prevalent gene among aminoglycoside-resistant isolates, detected alone in 14 isolates (33.3%) isolates, in combination with ant(4')-Ia in 18 (42.8%) isolates, in combination with aph(3')-IIIa in four (9.5%) or with both ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa in two (4.7%) isolates. The ant(4')-Ia was detected in three (7.1%) isolates and the aph(3')-IIIa in one (2.4%) isolate. Among tetracycline-resistant isolates, six (85.7%) strains harbored the tet(K) gene and one (14.3%) strain carried tet(K) and tet(M) genes. SCCmec types IV (31%) and III (24.5%), the most prevalent types detected, were found to be more resistant to non-β-lactam antibiotics. A wide diversity of isolates was observed by PFGE among MRCoNS.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriemie mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hematologické nádory komplikace   MeSH
• koagulasa sekrece   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus hominis klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tunisko MeSH