Burn injuries are a significant global health concern, with more than 11 million people requiring medical intervention each year and approximately 180,000 deaths annually. Despite progress in health and social care, burn injuries continue to result in socioeconomic burdens for victims and their families. The management of severe burn injuries involves preventing and treating burn shock and promoting skin repair through a two-step procedure of covering and closing the wound. Currently, split-thickness/full-thickness skin autografts are the gold standard for permanent skin substitution. However, deep burns treated with split-thickness skin autografts may contract, leading to functional and appearance issues. Conversely, defects treated with full-thickness skin autografts often result in more satisfactory function and appearance. The development of tissue-engineered dermal templates has further expanded the scope of wound repair, providing scar reductive and regenerative properties that have extended their use to reconstructive surgical interventions. Although their interactions with the wound microenvironment are not fully understood, these templates have shown potential in local infection control. This narrative review discusses the current state of wound repair in burn injuries, focusing on the progress made from wound cover to wound closure and local infection control. Advancements in technology and therapies hold promise for improving the outcomes for burn injury patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of wound repair and tissue regeneration may provide new insights for developing more effective treatments in the future.
- MeSH
- hojení ran MeSH
- jizva etiologie prevence a kontrola chirurgie MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- popálení * chirurgie patologie MeSH
- transplantace kůže metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Osteochondral defects remain a huge problem in medicine today. Biomimetic bi- or multi-phasic scaffolds constitute a very promising alternative to osteochondral autografts and allografts. In this study, a new curdlan-based scaffold was designed for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. To achieve biomimetic properties, it was enriched with a protein component - whey protein isolate as well as a ceramic ingredient - hydroxyapatite granules. The scaffold was fabricated via a simple and cost-efficient method, which represents a significant advantage. Importantly, this technique allowed generation of a scaffold with two distinct, but integrated phases. Scanning electron microcopy and optical profilometry observations demonstrated that phases of biomaterial possessed different structural properties. The top layer of the biomaterial (mimicking the cartilage) was smoother than the bottom one (mimicking the subchondral bone), which is beneficial from a biological point of view because unlike bone, cartilage is a smooth tissue. Moreover, mechanical testing showed that the top layer of the biomaterial had mechanical properties close to those of natural cartilage. Although the mechanical properties of the bottom layer of scaffold were lower than those of the subchondral bone, it was still higher than in many analogous systems. Most importantly, cell culture experiments indicated that the biomaterial possessed high cytocompatibility towards adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Both phases of the scaffold enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells (revealing its chondroinductive properties in vitro) as well as osteogenic differentiation of these cells (revealing its osteoinductive properties in vitro). Given all features of the novel curdlan-based scaffold, it is worth noting that it may be considered as promising candidate for osteochondral tissue engineering applications.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular surgery is confronted by a lack of suitable materials for patch repair. Acellular animal tissues serve as an abundant source of promising biomaterials. The aim of our study was to explore the bio-integration of decellularized or recellularized pericardial matrices in vivo. METHODS: Porcine (allograft) and ovine (heterograft, xenograft) pericardia were decellularized using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate ((1) Allo-decel and (2) Xeno-decel). We used two cell types for pressure-stimulated recellularization in a bioreactor: autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from subcutaneous fat of pigs ((3) Allo-ASC and (4) Xeno-ASC) and allogeneic Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJCs) ((5) Allo-WJC and (6) Xeno-WJC). These six experimental patches were implanted in porcine carotid arteries for one month. For comparison, we also implanted six types of control patches, namely, arterial or venous autografts, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE Propaten® Gore®), polyethylene terephthalate (PET Vascutek®), chemically stabilized bovine pericardium (XenoSure®), and detoxified porcine pericardium (BioIntegral® NoReact®). The grafts were evaluated through the use of flowmetry, angiography, and histological examination. RESULTS: All grafts were well-integrated and patent with no signs of thrombosis, stenosis, or aneurysm. A histological analysis revealed that the arterial autograft resembled a native artery. All other control and experimental patches developed neo-adventitial inflammation (NAI) and neo-intimal hyperplasia (NIH), and the endothelial lining was present. NAI and NIH were most prominent on XenoSure® and Xeno-decel and least prominent on NoReact®. In xenografts, the degree of NIH developed in the following order: Xeno-decel > Xeno-ASC > Xeno-WJC. NAI and patch resorption increased in Allo-ASC and Xeno-ASC and decreased in Allo-WJC and Xeno-WJC. CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, pre-implant seeding with ASC or WJC had a modest impact on vascular patch remodeling. However, ASC increased the neo-adventitial inflammatory reaction and patch resorption, suggesting accelerated remodeling. WJC mitigated this response, as well as neo-intimal hyperplasia on xenografts, suggesting immunomodulatory properties.
- MeSH
- allogeneické buňky MeSH
- arteriae carotides MeSH
- cévní protézy MeSH
- hyperplazie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- perikard MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- remodelace cév * MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bioprinting is a modern tool suitable for creating cell scaffolds and tissue or organ carriers from polymers that mimic tissue properties and create a natural environment for cell development. A wide range of polymers, both natural and synthetic, are used, including extracellular matrix and collagen-based polymers. Bioprinting technologies, based on syringe deposition or laser technologies, are optimal tools for creating precise constructs precisely from the combination of collagen hydrogel and cells. This review describes the different stages of bioprinting, from the extraction of collagen hydrogels and bioink preparation, over the parameters of the printing itself, to the final testing of the constructs. This study mainly focuses on the use of physically crosslinked high-concentrated collagen hydrogels, which represents the optimal way to create a biocompatible 3D construct with sufficient stiffness. The cell viability in these gels is mainly influenced by the composition of the bioink and the parameters of the bioprinting process itself (temperature, pressure, cell density, etc.). In addition, a detailed table is included that lists the bioprinting parameters and composition of custom bioinks from current studies focusing on printing collagen gels without the addition of other polymers. Last but not least, our work also tries to refute the often-mentioned fact that highly concentrated collagen hydrogel is not suitable for 3D bioprinting and cell growth and development.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
We have prepared a candidate biocompatible construct for skin wound healing based on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membranes. The membrane material was loaded either with L-arginine or with alaptide, or with a mixture of both bioactive components. Alaptide is a spirocyclic synthetic dipeptide, an analogue of melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor. L-arginine is an amino acid with a basic guanidine side chain. It is a direct precursor of nitric oxide, which plays a pivotal role in skin repair. The presence and the distribution of the additives were proved with high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of L-arginine and alaptide on the morphology of the membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. No statistically significant correlation between fiber diameter and drug concentration was observed. The membranes were then tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity, using primary human dermal fibroblasts, in order to obtain the optimal concentrations of the additives for in vivo tests in a rat model. The membranes with the highest concentration of L-arginine (10 wt. %) proved to be cytotoxic. The membranes with alaptide in concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 wt.%, and with the other L-arginine concentrations (1 and 5 wt.%), did not show high toxicity. In addition, there was no observed improvement in cell proliferation on the membranes. The in vivo experiments revealed that membranes with 1.5 wt.% of alaptide or with 1.5 wt.% of alaptide in combination with 5 wt.% of L-arginine markedly accelerated the healing of skin incisions, and particularly the healing of skin burns, i.e. wounds of relatively large extent. These results indicate that our newly-developed nanofibrous membranes are promising for treating wounds with large damaged areas, where a supporting material is needed.
- MeSH
- arginin chemie MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- cyklické peptidy chemie MeSH
- elektrochemie MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- neuropeptidy chemie MeSH
- peptidy chemie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství metody MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Engineering artificial skin constructs is an ongoing challenge. An ideal material for hosting skin cells is still to be discovered. A promising candidate is low-cost cellulose, which is commonly fabricated in the form of a mesh and is applied as a wound dressing. Unfortunately, the structure and the topography of current cellulose meshes are not optimal for cell growth. To enhance the surface structure and the physicochemical properties of a commercially available mesh, we coated the mesh with wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Three different types of mesh coatings are proposed in this study as a skin cell carrier: positively charged cationic cellulose nanofibrils (cCNFs), negatively charged anionic cellulose nanofibrils (aCNFs), and a combination of these two materials (c+aCNFs). These cell carriers were seeded with normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) or with human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to investigate cell adhesion, spreading, morphology, and proliferation. The negatively charged aCNF coating significantly improved the proliferation of both cell types. The positively charged cCNF coating significantly enhanced the adhesion of ADSCs only. The number of NHDFs was similar on the cCNF coatings and on the noncoated pristine cellulose mesh. However, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the cCNF coating promoted cell survival. The c+aCNF construct proved to combine benefits from both types of CNFs, which means that the c+aCNF cell carrier is a promising candidate for further application in skin tissue engineering.
- MeSH
- celulosa * MeSH
- hydrogely MeSH
- kmenové buňky MeSH
- kůže * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We have developed a novel simple method for effective preparing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) intended for utilization in biomedicine. The method is based on gold sputtering into liquid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PEG was used as a basic biocompatible stabilizer of the AuNP colloid. In addition, two naturally occurring polysaccharides - Chitosan (Ch) and Methylcellulose (MC) - were separately diluted into the PEG base with the aims to enhance the yield of the sputtering without changing the sputtering parameters, and to further improve the stability and the biocompatibility of the colloid. The colloids were sterilized by steam, and their stability was measured before and after the sterilization process by dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results indicated a higher sputtering yield in the colloids containing the polysaccharides. The colloids were also characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to reveal the composition of the prepared nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the nanoparticles and to evaluate their size and clustering, and by rheometry to estimate the viscosity of the colloids. The zeta-potential of the AuNPs was also determined as an important parameter indicating the stability and the biocompatibility of the colloid. In addition, in vitro tests of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity were carried out to estimate the biological activity and the biocompatibility of the colloids. Antimicrobial tests were performed by a drip test on two bacterial strains - Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. AuNP with chitosan proved to possess the highest antibacterial activity, especially towards the Gram-positive S. epidermidis. In vitro tests on eukaryotic cells, i.e. human osteoblastic cell line SAOS-2 and primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), were performed after a 7-day cultivation to determine the effect and the toxic dose of the colloids on human cells. The studied colloid concentrations were in the range from 0.6 μg/ml to 6 μg/ml. Toxicity of the colloids started to reappear at a concentration of 4.5 μg/ml, especially with chitosan in the colloid, where the colloid with a concentration of 6 μg/ml proved to be the most toxic, especially towards the SAOS-2 cell line. However, the PEG and PEG-MC containing colloids proved to be relatively non-toxic, even at the highest concentration, but with a slowly decreasing tendency of the cell metabolic activity.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- chitosan chemie MeSH
- dynamický rozptyl světla MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- koloidy chemie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylcelulosa chemie MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie MeSH
- stabilita léku MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků MeSH
- sterilizace MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zlato chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Repairs to deep skin wounds continue to be a difficult issue in clinical practice. A promising approach is to fabricate full-thickness skin substitutes with functions closely similar to those of the natural tissue. For many years, a three-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogel has been considered to provide a physiological 3D environment for co-cultivation of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. This collagen hydrogel is frequently used for fabricating tissue-engineered skin analogues with fibroblasts embedded inside the hydrogel and keratinocytes cultivated on its surface. Despite its unique biological properties, the collagen hydrogel has insufficient stiffness, with a tendency to collapse under the traction forces generated by the embedded cells. Methods: The aim of our study was to develop a two-layer skin construct consisting of a collagen hydrogel reinforced by a nanofibrous poly-L-lactide (PLLA) membrane pre-seeded with fibroblasts. The attractiveness of the membrane for dermal fibroblasts was enhanced by coating it with a thin nanofibrous fibrin mesh. Results: The fibrin mesh promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of the fibroblasts upwards into the collagen hydrogel. Moreover, the fibroblasts spontaneously migrating into the collagen hydrogel showed a lower tendency to contract and shrink the hydrogel by their traction forces. The surface of the collagen was seeded with human dermal keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were able to form a basal layer of highly mitotically-active cells, and a suprabasal layer. Conclusion: The two-layer skin construct based on collagen hydrogel with spontaneously immigrated fibroblasts and reinforced by a fibrin-coated nanofibrous membrane seems to be promising for the construction of full-thickness skin substitute.
- MeSH
- fibrin farmakologie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely farmakologie MeSH
- keratinocyty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- kolagen farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membrány umělé * MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pohyb buněk účinky léků MeSH
- polyestery farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- škára cytologie MeSH
- umělá kůže * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study describes the preparation, and evaluates the biocompatibility, of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) functionalized with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) creating hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were used for preparing a composite porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for potential utilization in regenerative medicine. Hybrid fCNT/ION nanoparticles were prepared in two mass ratios - 1:1 (H1) and 1:4 (H4). PCL scaffolds were prepared with various concentrations of the nanoparticles with fixed mass either of the whole nanoparticle hybrid or only of the fCNTs. The hybrid particles were evaluated in terms of morphology, composition and magnetic properties. The cytotoxicity of the hybrid nanoparticles and the pure fCNTs was assessed by exposing the SAOS-2 human cell line to colloids with a concentration range from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml. The results indicate a gradual increase in the cytotoxicity effect with increasing concentration. At low concentrations, interestingly, SAOS-2 metabolic activity was stimulated by the presence of IONs. The PCL scaffolds were characterized in terms of the scaffold architecture, the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, and subsequently in terms of their thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties. A higher ION content was associated with the presence of larger agglomerates of particles. With exception of the scaffold with the highest content of the H4 nanoparticle hybrid, all composites were superparamagnetic. In vitro tests indicate that both components of the hybrid nanoparticles may have a positive impact on the behavior of SAOS-2 cells cultivated on the PCL composite scaffolds. The presence of fCNTs up to 1 wt% improved the cell attachment to the scaffolds, and a content of IONs below 1 wt% increased the cell metabolic activity.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetické jevy MeSH
- mechanický stres MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nanočástice chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- nanotrubičky uhlíkové chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- regenerace kostí fyziologie MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
