Synthetic derivatives of steroid hormones, specifically anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), have gained prominence due to their observed benefits in enhancing meat quality. The study replicated the administration of banned AAS and investigated their impacts on pigs to contribute to the understanding of animal biochemistry and to explore the feasibility of detecting AAS administration by employing a non-targeted analysis. The effects were corroborated by evaluating changes in the expression of selected proteins, as well as examining haematological and biochemical profiles and histological alterations. Exposure to AAS influenced the expression of proteins related to drug-metabolizing enzymes, muscle and lipid metabolism, kidney function, reproductive processes, immune system functions, and carcinogenic changes. The effects of AAS appear intricate and contingent on factors such as the specific drug used, dosage, and duration of administration. The results underscore that protein expression analysis holds promise as a valuable tool for detecting illicit AAS use in the fattening process.

• MeSH
• anabolické androgenní steroidy * toxicita   MeSH
• nandrolon * toxicita   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• testosteron MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Streptococcus uberis is one of the primary causative agents of mastitis, a clinically and economically significant disease that affects dairy cattle worldwide. In this study, we analyzed 140 S. uberis strains isolated from mastitis milk samples collected from 74 cow herds in the Czech Republic. We employed whole-genome sequencing to screen for the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding virulence factors, and to assess their genetic relationships. Our analysis revealed the presence of 88 different sequence types (STs), with 41% of the isolates assigned to global clonal complexes (GCCs), the majority of which were affiliated with GCC5. The STs identified were distributed across the major phylogenetic branches of all currently known STs. We identified fifty-one putative virulence factor genes, and the majority of isolates carried between 27 and 29 of these genes. A tendency of virulence factors and AMR genes to cluster with specific STs was observed, although such clustering was not evident within GCCs. Principal component analysis did not reveal significant diversity among isolates when grouped by GCC or ST prevalence. The substantial genomic diversity and the wide array of virulence factors found in S. uberis strains present a challenge for the implementation of effective anti-mastitis measures.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In Glässer's disease outbreaks, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis has to overcome the non-specific immune system in the lower respiratory tract, the alveolar macrophages. Here we showed that porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were able to recognize and phagocyte G. parasuis with strain-to-strain variability despite the presence of the capsule in virulent (serovar 1, 5, 12) as well in avirulent strains (serovar 6 and 9). The capsule, outer membrane proteins, virulence-associated autotransporters, cytolethal distending toxins and many other proteins have been identified as virulence factors of this bacterium. Therefore, we immunized pigs with the crude capsular extract (cCE) from the virulent G. parasuis CAPM 6475 strain (serovar 5) and evaluated the role of the anti-cCE/post-vaccinal IgG in the immune response of PAMs to in vitro infection with various G. parasuis strains. We demonstrated the specific binding of the antibodies to the cCE by Western-blotting assay and immunoprecipitation as well as the specific binding to the strain CAPM 6475 in transmission electron microscopy. In the cCE, we identified several virulence-associated proteins that were immunoreactive with IgG isolated from sera of immunized pigs. Opsonization of G. parasuis strains by post-vaccinal IgG led to enhanced phagocytosis of G. parasuis by PAMs at the first two hours of infection. Moreover, opsonization increased the oxidative burst and expression/production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The neutralizing effects of these antibodies on the antioxidant mechanisms of G. parasuis may lead to attenuation of its virulence and pathogenicity in vivo. Together with opsonization of bacteria by these antibodies, the host may eliminate G. parasuis in the infection site more efficiently. Based on these results, the crude capsular extract is a vaccine candidate with immunogenic properties.

• MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální pouzdra imunologie   MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• Haemophilus parasuis imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• hemofilové infekce imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis are the most common filarial species affecting humans in Europe. Dirofilaria repens causes subcutaneous or ocular infection, whereas D. immitis is responsible mainly for the pulmonary form. In this report, we present the first human case of periorbital dirofilariasis in the Czech Republic. A 58-year-old woman suffered from an eyelid oedema, redness and pain in the left eye. After excising the parasite from her eyelid, all clinical symptoms disappeared. Based on the morphology and cytochrome oxidase I sequencing, the parasite was identified as D. repens. Histology revealed that the excised worm was female with absent microfilariae in uteri. With respect to the length of the incubation period and the sequence identity with a known Czech isolate, we concluded that D. repens was most likely of autochthonous origin.

• MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika   MeSH
• Dirofilaria repens cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dirofilarióza parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrofilárie izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• oční infekce parazitární parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• proteiny červů genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common enteropathogenic bacteria found in pigs in Europe. In our previous work, we demonstrated the protective effects in suckling piglets when their dams had been vaccinated with an S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine. This study is focused on a procedure leading to serological discrimination between vaccinated and infected pigs. As we supposed, distinct environment during natural infection and in bacterial cultures used for vaccine preparation led to a slightly different spectrum of expressed S. Typhimurium proteins. The examination of porcine antibodies produced after the experimental infection with S. Typhimurium or after vaccination with S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed differences in antibody response applicable for serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. RESULTS: Antibodies against Salmonella SipB, SipD and SseB proteins were detected at much higher levels in post-infection sera in comparison with control and post-vaccination sera. On the other hand, proteins BamB, OppA and a fragment of FliC interacted with antibodies from post-vaccination sera with a much higher intensity than from control and post-infection sera. In addition, we constructed ELISA assays using post-infection antigen - SipB protein and post-vaccination antigen - FliC-fragment and evaluated them on a panel of individual porcine sera. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of antibody response of infected and vaccinated pigs by proteomic tools enabled to identify S. Typhimurium antigens useful for distinguishing infected from vaccinated animals. This approach can be utilized in other challenges where DIVA vaccine and a subsequent serological assay are required, especially when genetic modification of a vaccine strain is not desirable.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální metabolismus   MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   MeSH
• inaktivované vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium genetika   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• salmonelové vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa glycoprotein which is known for its effects against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. It also has a high potential in nutrition therapy and welfare of people and a variety of animals, including piglets. The ability to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the described anti-inflammatory mechanisms of LF. Previous studies suggested that cells can be stimulated even by LPS-free LF. Therefore, the aim of our study was to bring additional information about this possibility. Porcine monocyte derived macrophages (MDMF) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were stimulated with unpurified LF in complex with LPS and with purified LF without bound LPS. RESULTS: Both cell types were stimulated with unpurified as well as purified LF. On the other hand, neither HEK0 cells not expressing any TLR nor HEK4a cells transfected with TLR4 produced any pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts after stimulation with purified LF. This suggests that purified LF without LPS stimulates cells via another receptor than TLR4. An alternative, TLR4-independent, pathway was further confirmed by analyses of the NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK) activation. Western blot analyses showed NIK which activates different NFκB subunits compared to LF-LPS signaling via TLR4. Though, this confirmed an alternative pathway which is used by the purified LF free of LPS. This stimulation of MDMF led to low, but significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can be considered as a positive stimulation of the immune system. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that LF's ability is not only to bind LPS, but LF itself may be a stimulant of pro-inflammatory pathways.

• MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• laktoferrin izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky léků   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Interaction between pigs and Salmonella enterica serovar Derby (Salmonella Derby) is much less understood in comparison with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium). To study interactions of weaned piglets with Salmonella Derby, we compared the course of infections with Salmonella Derby De1 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 strains, both isolated from pig herds with a long history of asymptomatic infection. Salmonella Derby strain used was shed during the 28-day experiment period, while Salmonella Typhimurium strain was not found in faeces after day 17 post-infection. When the piglets were co-infected with both strains, Salmonella Derby was present in faeces until the end of the experiment, whilst Salmonella Typhimurium disappeared after day 21 post-infection. At the end of the experiment, Salmonella Derby was present in more tissues when compared with Salmonella Typhimurium. Piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium responded earlier with synthesis of anti-lipopolysaccharide IgM and IgG antibodies and with higher antibody levels compared to piglets infected with Salmonella Derby. Cellular immune response to both strains was very low and was detected later than was the onset of IgG antibody production.

• MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koinfekce imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• Salmonella enterica imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH