Authentic standards of food flavonoids are important for human metabolic studies. Their isolation from biological materials is impracticable; however, they can be prepared in vitro. Twelve sulfated metabolites of luteolin, myricetin, and ampelopsin were obtained with arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, MS, and NMR. The compounds were tested for their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine radicals, to reduce ferric ions and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and to inhibit tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. The activity differed considerably even between monosulfate isomers. The parent compounds and myricetin-3'-O-sulfate were the most active while other compounds displayed significantly lower activity, particularly luteolin sulfates. No mutagenic activity of the parent compounds and their main metabolites was observed; only myricetin showed minor pro-mutagenicity. The prepared sulfated metabolites are now available as authentic standards for future in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie farmakologie MeSH
- arylsulfotransferasa chemie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie MeSH
- biofyzikální jevy MeSH
- biokatalýza MeSH
- Desulfitobacterium enzymologie MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- isomerie MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- luteolin chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- sírany chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Non-canonical nucleic acid structures play important roles in the regulation of molecular processes. Considering the importance of the ongoing coronavirus crisis, we decided to evaluate genomes of all coronaviruses sequenced to date (stated more broadly, the order Nidovirales) to determine if they contain non-canonical nucleic acid structures. We discovered much evidence of putative G-quadruplex sites and even much more of inverted repeats (IRs) loci, which in fact are ubiquitous along the whole genomic sequence and indicate a possible mechanism for genomic RNA packaging. The most notable enrichment of IRs was found inside 5'UTR for IRs of size 12+ nucleotides, and the most notable enrichment of putative quadruplex sites (PQSs) was located before 3'UTR, inside 5'UTR, and before mRNA. This indicates crucial regulatory roles for both IRs and PQSs. Moreover, we found multiple G-quadruplex binding motifs in human proteins having potential for binding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Non-canonical nucleic acids structures in Nidovirales and in novel SARS-CoV-2 are therefore promising druggable structures that can be targeted and utilized in the future.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose was to investigate a simultaneous biodegradation of the recalcitrant monoazo dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) in a mixed culture consisting of a biofilm of Pleurotus ostreatus-colonizing polyamide carrier and a suspension of the yeast Candida zeylanoides to see their biological interactions and possible synergistic action during degradation. Decolorization in the mixed culture was more effective than in the fungal monoculture, the respective decolorizations reaching 87.5% and 70% on day 11. The proliferation of yeast was reduced compared with the C. zeylanoides monoculture but enabled the yeast to participate in decolorization. The interaction of P. ostreatus with the yeast resulted in a gradual decrease of fungal manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the degradation products brought evidence that P. ostreatus split the dye molecule asymmetrically to provide 4-(ethenylsulfonyl) benzene whose concentration was much decreased in the mixed culture suggesting its increased metabolization in the presence of the yeast. In contrast, C. zeylanoides split the azo bond symmetrically producing the metabolites 4-(ethenylsulfonyl) aniline and α-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid. Those metabolites were rapidly degraded in the mixed culture. A novel aspect is represented by the evidence of a mutual cooperative action of the fungal and yeast microorganisms in the mixed culture resulting in rapid decolorization and degradation of the dye.
- MeSH
- azosloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- fungální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- lakasa metabolismus MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce MeSH
- peroxidasy metabolismus MeSH
- Pleurotus růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomycetales růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. Here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown. RESULTS: The in vitro (anti)mutagenic potential was compared with that of quercetin using the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium His(-) strains TA100, TA98 and TA102. Isoquercitrin only slightly increased the number of revertants, while rutin was totally non-mutagenic. On the other hand, all compounds displayed dose-dependent protective activity against H2O2 - and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage to the TA102 strain and at 75 µmol L(-1) inhibited H2O2/Fe(2+)-induced formation of the open circular and linear forms of the DNA plasmid pBSIISK(-). In mice, none of the flavonols (0.86 µmol day(-1), 34 days) induced harmful effects. In immunized animals, all compounds enhanced ex vivo B cell proliferation; quercetin stimulated lymphocyte basal proliferation and increased the number of IgM-producing lymphocytes. Rutin promoted NK cytotoxic activity, supported T cells and enhanced gut epithelium renewal. No effect on IgG-forming cells was found. CONCLUSION: Isoquercitrin displayed negligible and rutin no mutagenicity, but both showed significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage. In vivo, they supported the readiness of the immune system for specific humoral immune response.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů účinky léků MeSH
- antimutagenní látky * MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- glykosidy farmakologie MeSH
- imunita účinky léků MeSH
- imunologické faktory * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutageneze účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- quercetin analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- rutin farmakologie MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Organic friction materials are standardly used in brakes of small planes, railroad vehicles, trucks and passenger cars. The growing transportation sector requires a better understanding of the negative impact related to the release of potentially hazardous materials into the environment. This includes brakes which can release enormous quantities of wear particulates. This paper addresses in vitro detection of toxic and mutagenic potency of one model and two commercially available low-metallic automotive brake pads used in passenger cars sold in the EU market. The model pad made in the laboratory was also subjected to a standardized brake dynamometer test and the generated non-airborne wear particles were also investigated. Qualitative "organic composition" was determined by GC/MS screening of dichloromethane extracts. Acute toxicity and mutagenicity of four investigated sample types were assessed in vitro by bioluminescence assay using marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and by two bacterial bioassays i) Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium His(-) and ii) SOS Chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 strain. Screening of organic composition revealed a high variety of organic compounds present in the initial brake pads and also in the generated non-airborne wear debris. Several detected compounds are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans, e. g. benzene derivatives. Acute toxicity bioassay revealed a response of bacterial cells after exposure to all samples used. Phenolic resin and wear debris were found to be acutely toxic; however in term of mutagenicity the response was negative. All non-friction exposed brake pad samples (a model pad and two commercial pad samples) were mutagenic with metabolic activation in vitro.
- MeSH
- automobily MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků genetika MeSH
- fenoly toxicita MeSH
- formaldehyd toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeny MeSH
- kovy chemie toxicita MeSH
- mutageny MeSH
- organické látky chemie toxicita MeSH
- pevné částice toxicita MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- polymery toxicita MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků genetika MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Use of fungal organisms in rotating biological contactors (RBC) for bioremediation of liquid industrial wastes has so far been limited in spite of their significant biodegradation potential. The purpose was to investigate the power of RBC using Irpex lacteus for decolorization and detoxification of industrial dyes and dyeing textile liquors. Recalcitrant dye Methylene Blue (150 mg L(-1)) was decolorized within 70 days, its mutagenicity removed, and the biological toxicity decreased more than 10-fold. I. lacteus biofilm in the RBC completely decolorized within 26 and 47 days dyeing liquors containing disperse or reactive dyes adjusted to pH4.5 and 5-fold diluted with the growth medium, respectively. Their respective biological toxicity values were reduced 10- to 10(4)-fold in dependence of the test used. A battery of toxicity tests comprising Vibrio fisheri, Lemna minor and Sinapis alba was efficient to monitor the toxicity of textile dyes and wastewaters. Strong decolorization and detoxification power of RBC using I. lacteus biofilms was demonstrated.
- MeSH
- Aliivibrio fischeri účinky léků MeSH
- Araceae účinky léků MeSH
- barva MeSH
- barvicí látky metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- Magnoliopsida účinky léků MeSH
- methylenová modř metabolismus MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * toxicita MeSH
- Polyporales metabolismus MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- textilní průmysl MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Biodegradation potential of Dichomitus squalens in biofilm cultures and rotating biological contactor (RBC) was investigated. The fungus formed thick biofilms on inert and lignocellulosic supports and exhibited stable activities of laccase and manganese peroxidase to reach 40-62 and 25-32% decolorization of anthraquinone Remazol Brilliant Blue R and heterocyclic phthalocyanine dyes, respectively. The decolorization ceased when glucose concentration dropped to 1 mmol l(-1). In RBC reactor, respective decolorizations of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and heterocyclic Methylene Blue and Azure B dyes (50 mg l(-1)) attained 99%, 93%, and 59% within 7, 40 and 200 h. The fungus exhibited tolerance to coliform and non-coliform bacteria on rich organic media, the inhibition occurred only on media containing tryptone and NaCl. The degradation efficiency in RBC reactor, capability to decolorize a wide range of dye structures and tolerance to bacterial stress make D. squalens an organism applicable to remediation of textile wastewaters.
- MeSH
- barva MeSH
- barvicí látky izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Basidiomycota metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- bioreaktory mikrobiologie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- naftalensulfonany izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- rotace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- SOS Chromotest, Ames test,
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli K12 genetika MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * metody normy MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- pevné částice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium genetika MeSH
- testy genotoxicity * MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Phenolics occurring in fruits and vegetables show a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidative, antimutagenic, anticancerogenic and antibacterial ones. The aim of the work was to detect the effect of compounds with promising antioxidative effects on plasmid DNA strand breakage. The method using plasmid pBluescript based on different electrophoretic mobilities of different topological forms of DNA. DNA strand breaks were measured by conversion of the supercoiled form to open and linear forms. In this study, a possible antioxidative effect was investigated of phenolics on DNA damage induced by Fe2+/hydrogen peroxide. The breaks in plasmid DNA exposed to four phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic and gallic) and to three plant extracts (from VinOserae™, Cymbopogon citratus and Magnolia officinalis) were analyzed. Successful use of plasmid DNA as a suitable model system for detection of antioxidative activity of plant compounds is documented.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
