- Klíčová slova
- cefepin/enmetazobactam,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antikonvulziva klasifikace MeSH
- autistická porucha etiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- farmakogenetika metody MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- kyselina valproová * škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- lékařská informatika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurovývojové poruchy MeSH
- otcové MeSH
- pyelonefritida farmakoterapie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
The fertilizing spermatozoa induce a Ca2+ oscillatory pattern, the universal hallmark of oocyte activation, in all sexually reproducing animals. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) bypass the physiological pathway; however, while a normal Ca2+ release pattern occurs in some species, particularly humans, artificial activation is compulsory for ICSI-fertilized oocytes to develop in most farm animals. Unlike the normal oscillatory pattern, most artificial activation protocols induce a single Ca2+ spike, undermining proper ICSI-derived embryo development in these species. Curiously, diploid parthenogenetic embryos activated by the same treatments develop normally at high frequencies and implant upon transfer in the uterus. We hypothesized that, at least in ruminant embryos, the oscillatory calcium waves late in the first cell cycle target preferentially the paternal pronucleus and are fundamentally important for paternal nuclear remodeling. We believe that Ca2+ signaling is central to full totipotency deployment of the paternal genome. Research in this area could highlight the asymmetry between the parental genome reprogramming timing/mechanisms in early development and impact ARTs like ICSI and cloning.
- MeSH
- cytoplazma metabolismus MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oocyty metabolismus MeSH
- sperma * metabolismus MeSH
- spermie metabolismus MeSH
- vápník * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gender dysphoria (GD) is marked by an incongruence between a person's biological sex at birth, and their felt gender (or gender identity). There is continuing debate regarding the benefits and drawbacks of physiological treatment of GD in children, a pathway, beginning with endocrine treatment to suppress puberty. Currently, the main alternative to physiological treatment consists of the so-called "wait-and-see" approach, which often includes counseling or other psychotherapeutic treatment. In this paper, we argue in favor of a "third pathway" for the diagnosis and treatment of GD in youths. To make our case, we draw on a recent development in bioethics: the phenomenological approach. Scholars such as Slatman and Svenaeus have argued that the extent to which the body can (or should be) manipulated or reconstructed through medical intervention is not only determined by consideration of ethical frameworks and social and legal norms. Rather, we must also take account of patients' personal experience of their body, the personal and social values associated with it, and their understanding of its situation in their life: their narrative identities. We apply this phenomenological approach to medicine and nursing to the diagnosis and treatment of GD in youth. In particular, we discuss Zahavi and Martiny's conception of the phenomenological interview, in order to show that narrative techniques can assist in the process of gender identification and in the treatment of youth presenting with GD. We focus on two case studies that highlight the relevance of a narrative-based interview in relations between patients, HCPs, and family, to expose the influence of social ideologies on how young people presenting with GD experience their bodies and gender.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- gender dysphoria * diagnóza terapie psychologie MeSH
- genderová identita MeSH
- lékařství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- puberta MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The total aboveground biomass production, nutritional status, bearing and branching behaviors of the central leader and one year old shoots of young apple trees have been analyzed. The shoots were further characterized according to the length, shoot demography, and the production of terminal and lateral flowers. All the characteristics are described in connection with nitrogen supply and cultivar. Nitrogen represents one of the major macronutrients involved in the growth and development of the fruit trees. The understanding of the effect of nitrogen supply for flower bud formation can be further improved by detailed analyses of tree architecture. While the biomass production was cultivar specific, the trees within particular cultivar were characterized by almost similar growth with respect to the nitrogen supply. Cultivar ́Rubinola ́ exhibited similar branching pattern, but higher vigor than ́Topaz ́. As a result of higher apical dominance, ́Rubinola ́ produced higher proportion of long shoots, but a lower quality of short shoots than ́Topaz ́. Consequently, cultivar ́Rubinola ́ produced only few terminal flowers on short shoots and lateral flowers dominantly in the distal zone, while ́Topaz ́ was characterized by intensive terminal flowering, but the lateral flowers were more abundant in the median zone. Even a lower dose of spring nitrogen improved the flower bud formation on both terminal and lateral positions extending the flowering zone on one-year-old shoots. This further changed the branching and bearing behavior of the apple trees, which particularly allows to optimize their fertilization management. However, this effect appears to be further regulated by mechanism connected with apical dominance.
- MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- květy MeSH
- listy rostlin MeSH
- Malus * MeSH
- stromy MeSH
- výhonky rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Autori prezentujú prípad parciálnej hydatidóznej moly, kde DNA analýza (STR – genotypizácia krátkych tandemových opakovaní) poukázala na triandrickú monogynickú tetraploidnú kompozíciu genómu s gonozómovým komplementom XXXY. Uvedený genetický nález, ktorý je zriedkavý v porovnaní s typickými, diandrickými monogynickými triploidnými parciálnymi molami, klinicko-patologicky koreluje s parciálnou molou. Genetická analýza definitívne potvrdila podozrenie na parciálnu molu. Pre vylúčenie možnosti pôvodu molárnej gravidity ako zadržané produkty koncepcie po predchádzajúcej tehotnosti ukončenej interrupciou, boli porovnané STR profily molárnej gravidity a produktu predcházajúcej koncepcie. Genotypizácia krátkych tandemových opakovaní je užitočná molekulárno-genetická metóda v diferenciálnej diagnostike parciálnej hydatidóznej moly, kde sú klinicko-patologické nálezy často nejednoznačné.
The authors present a case of a partial hydatidiform mole where DNA analysis (STR – short tandem repeat genotyping) showed a triandric monogynic tetraploid genome composition with a XXXY gonosomal complement. This genetic finding clinicopathologically correlates with a partial hydatidiform mole, although it is rare in comparison with the typical, diandric monogynic triploid partial moles. The genetic analysis definitively confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a partial mole. To exclude the possibility that molar pregnancy represented retained products of conception after elective pregnancy termination, STR profiles from molar pregnancy and previous products of conception were compared. Short tandem repeats genotyping is a useful molecular genetic method in the differential diagnosis of partial hydatidiform moles, where clinical-pathological findings are frequently ambiguous.
Fertilization is a complex process that requires successive stages and culminates in the adhesion/fusion of gamete membranes. If the question of the involvement of oocyte integrins has been swept away by deletion experiments, that of the involvement of sperm integrins remains to be further characterized. In the present study, we addressed the question of the feasibility of sperm-oocyte adhesion/fusion and early implantation in the absence of sperm β1 integrin. Males and females with β1 integrin-depleted sperm and oocytes were mated, and fertilization outcome was monitored by a gestational ultrasound analysis. Results suggest that although the sperm β1 integrin participates in gamete adhesion/fusion, it is dispensable for fertilization in mice. However, sperm- and/or oocyte-originated integrin β1 is essential for post-implantation development. Redundancy phenomena could be at the origin of a compensatory expression or alternative dimerization pattern.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD29 * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- integriny metabolismus MeSH
- interakce spermie a vajíčka * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oocyty metabolismus MeSH
- sperma metabolismus MeSH
- spermie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci * komplikace MeSH
- fertilizace imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství imunologie MeSH
- ženská infertilita * etiologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství imunologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Spermatozoon represents a very special cell type in human body, and glycosylation plays essential roles in its whole life including spermatogenesis, maturation, capacitation, sperm-egg recognition, and fertilization. In this study, by mapping the most comprehensive N-glycoproteome of human spermatozoa using our recently developed site-specific glycoproteomic approaches, we show that spermatozoa contain a number of distinctive glycoproteins, which are mainly involved in spermatogenesis, acrosome reaction and sperm:oocyte membrane binding, and fertilization. Heavy fucosylation is observed on 14 glycoproteins mostly located at extracellular and cell surface regions in spermatozoa but not in other tissues. Sialylation and Lewis epitopes are enriched in the biological process of immune response in spermatozoa, while bisected core structures and LacdiNAc structures are highly expressed in acrosome. These data deepen our knowledge about glycosylation in spermatozoa and lay the foundation for functional study of glycosylation and glycan structures in male infertility.
It is well known that the mammalian uterine tube (UT) plays a crucial role in female fertility, where the most important events leading to successful fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development occur. The known functions of these small intra-abdominal organs are: an uptake and transport of oocytes; storage, transportation, and capacitation of spermatozoa, and finally fertilization and transport of the fertilized ovum and early embryo through the isthmus towards the uterotubal junction. The success of all these events depends on the interaction between the uterine tube epithelium (UTE) and gametes/embryo. Besides that, contemporary research revealed that the tubal epithelium provides essential nutritional support and the most suitable environment for early embryo development. Moreover, recent discoveries in molecular biology help understand the role of the epithelium at the cellular and molecular levels, highlighting the factors involved in regulating the UT signaling, that affects different steps in the fertilization process. According to the latest research, the extracellular vesicles, as a major component of tubal secretion, mediate the interaction between gametes/embryo and epithelium. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on various aspects concerning tubal epithelium activity and its cross-talk with spermatozoa, oocytes and preimplantation embryo and how these interactions affect fertilization and early embryo development.
- MeSH
- epitel MeSH
- fertilizace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oocyty MeSH
- rozmnožování * MeSH
- savci MeSH
- spermie fyziologie MeSH
- vejcovody * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate if cytoplasmic transfer can improve fertilization and embryo quality of women with oocytes of low quality. During ICSI, 10-15% of the cytoplasm from a fresh or frozen young donor oocyte was added to the recipient oocyte. According to the embryo quality, we defined group A as patients in which the best embryo was evident after cytoplasmic transfer and group B as patients in which the best embryo was evident after a simple ICSI. We investigated in the period of 2002-2018, 125 in vitro fertilization cycles involving 1011 fertilized oocytes. Five hundred fifty-seven sibling oocytes were fertilized using ICSI only and 454 oocytes with cytoplasmic transfer. Fertilization rates of oocytes were 67.2% in the cytoplasmic transfer and 53.5% in the ICSI groups (P < 0.001). A reduction in fertilization rate was observed with increased women age in the ICSI but not in the cytoplasmic transfer groups. The best embryo quality was found after cytoplasmic transfer in 78 cycles (62.4%) and without cytoplasmic transfer in 40 cycles (32%, P < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between the age, hormonal levels, dose of stimulation drugs, number of transferred embryos, pregnancy rate and abortion rate between A and B groups. Cytoplasmic transfer improves fertilization rates and early embryo development in humans with low oocyte quality. All 28 children resulting from cytoplasmic transfer are healthy.
- MeSH
- cytoplazma MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro metody MeSH
- fertilizace * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oocyty fyziologie MeSH
- přenos embrya metody MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- úhrn těhotenství na počet žen v reprodukčním věku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
