The global rise in obesity has emerged as a significant health concern, amplifying susceptibility to various diseases, including asthma. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a higher prevalence of asthma among obese individuals, with obesity exacerbating asthma severity and control. This review aims to explore the interplay between asthma and obesity assessed by objective imaging methods and discusses the consistency between anthropometric and imaging methods. A literature search was conducted with the main keywords "asthma", "obesity", and "imaging techniques" using databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus for the relevant articles published up to January 2024. The consistency between Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and results from imaging techniques is uncertain. Unlike anthropometric methods, imaging methods provide us with the exact location of adipose tissue as well as fat and lean mass distinction, which can be further correlated with different airway parameters and respiratory system functions and dysfunctions. Studies indicate that the relationship between lung functions and obesity is more complex in females. Abdominal visceral fat is supposed to be the major asthma predictor already in the pediatric population. The connection between obesity and asthma is already evident in children and adolescents. Imaging methods can measure visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and both contribute to the association between obesity and lung functions. These methods are more accurate and reproducible but require more time and expertise. Key words Asthma, Obesity, Magnetic resonance imaging, Dual-energy, X-ray absorptiometry, Bioimpedance analysis.
Astma bronchiale je vysoce prevalentní respirační onemocnění, které při nedostatečné či neefektivní léčbě snižuje kvalitu života pacientů. Základem terapie jsou inhalační glukokortikoidy, optimálně ve fixní kombinaci s dlouhodobě působícími beta-2-agonisty. V případě nedostatečného efektu je možné zvážit navýšení dávky inhalačního glukokortikoidu, přidání antileukotrienu či přidání dlouhodobě působících anticholinergik. Pacient s nedostatečně kontrolovaným astmatem na maximalizované paušální léčbě má být odeslán k precizní diagnostice a úpravě medikace do specializovaného centru pro léčbu obtížně léčitelného astmatu. Zde je také vyhodnocena indikace k podání biologické/cílené léčby.
Asthma bronchiale is a highly prevalent respiratory disease that reduces the quality of life of patients if the treatment is insufficient or ineffective. The mainstays of therapy are inhaled glucocorticoids, optimally in a fixed combination with long-acting beta-2-agonists. In case of insufficient effect, it is possible to consider increasing the dose of inhaled glucocorticoid, adding an antileukotriene, or adding long-acting anticholinergics. A patient with insufficiently controlled asthma on maximized treatment should be referred for precise diagnosis and medication adjustment to a specialized center for the treatment of difficult-to-treat asthma. The indication for the administration of biological/targeted treatment is also evaluated here.
- MeSH
- antiastmatika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- bronchiální astma * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc metabolismus farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy * MeSH
- plicní nemoci etiologie farmakoterapie metabolismus imunologie MeSH
- stárnutí buněk * účinky léků MeSH
- stárnutí imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zánět metabolismus imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Astma bronchiale je jedno z celosvětově se nejčastěji vyskytujících chronických zánětlivých onemocnění. V posledních letech došlo k významnému pokroku ve výzkumu astmatu, který přispěl k rozvoji nových a účinnějších terapeutických strategií. Autor předkládá aktuální přehled diagnostiky, léčby, péče a principu personalizované medicíny u astmatických pacientů.
Bronchial asthma is one of the most commonly occurring chronic inflammatory single-molecule diseases worldwide. In recent years, there have been significant advances in asthma research that have contributed to the development of new and more effective therapeutic strategies. The author provides an up-to-date review of the diagnosis, treatment, care, and principles of personalized medicine in asthmatic patients.
- MeSH
- antiastmatika terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- bronchiální astma * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
It was to investigate the clinical efficacy of the combination therapy of fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol and vitamin D (VD) in pediatric bronchial asthma (BA) and analyze the correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immune function, as well as calcium-phosphorus metabolism. A total of 110 patients with BA were recruited. Regarding treatment plan, patients were randomly rolled into a single-drug treatment group (SDT, treated with fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol alone) and a dual-drug treatment group (TDT, treated with the combination of fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol and VD). The changes in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins, T lymphocyte subsets, and inflammatory cytokine levels in children with BA under different treatment modalities were compared. Clinical symptom disappearance, asthma control, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, and the total effective rate and adverse reactions (ARs) were compared. A control group consisting of 60 healthy children who underwent concurrent physical examinations was included. The differences in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins, and T lymphocyte subset levels between children with BA and healthy controls were compared, and their correlations were analyzed. The TDT group showed a drastic reduction in the disappearance time of lung wheezing and dyspnea relative to the SDT group. Furthermore, the TDT group exhibited notable improvements in lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Blood gas analysis revealed a great decrease in PaCO2 and an increase in PaO2. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) scores for asthma control and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) scores for QoL showed marked increases in the TDT group. Moreover, the TDT group demonstrated notable increases in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels. Additionally, the TDT group exhibited a prominent increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 level and a drastic decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels (all P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment in the SDT group and TDT group were 83.64 % and 96.36 %, respectively, with AR rates of 16.36 % and 7.27 %. The TDT group exhibited a superior total effective rate and an inferior incidence of ARs to the SDT group (both P<0.05). Additionally, in contrast to the control group, the BA group showed notable decreases in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels (all P<0.05). Prior to treatment, there was a positive correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels in children with BA (P<0.05). In patients with BA, combined treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate aerosol and VD may have a regulatory effect on serum 25-hydroxyVD levels, immune function, and calcium-phosphate metabolism. The correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immune function, as well as calcium-phosphate metabolism, suggested that VD may play a crucial role in the immune regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism of BA.
- MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- bronchiální astma * farmakoterapie krev imunologie MeSH
- bronchodilatancia aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- flutikason aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- fosfáty krev MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- vápník krev MeSH
- vitamin D * krev analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma diagnóza MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prevalence * MeSH
- systémy dodávající nikotin elektronicky * klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- bronchiolitida * diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
