Saliva contains possible biomarkers that are associated with dental caries. The present study aimed to analyse differences in the abundance of proteins in the saliva between caries-positive (CP; N = 15) and caries-free (CF; N = 12) males and to compare differences in the abundance of proteins between two saliva sample fractions (supernatant and pellet). We found 14 differently significantly expressed proteins in the CF group when comparing the supernatant fractions of the CP and CF groups, and three proteins in the pellet fractions had significantly higher expression in the CP group. Our results indicate very specific protein compositions of the saliva in relation to dental caries resistance (the saliva of the CP group mainly contained pellet proteins and the saliva of the CF group mainly contained supernatant proteins). This was the first time that the saliva pellet fraction was analysed in relation to the dental caries status. We detected specific calcium-binding proteins that could have decalcified enamel in the saliva pellet of the CP group. We also observed significantly up-regulated immune proteins in the saliva supernatant of the CF group that could play an important role in the caries prevention. The particular protein compositions of the saliva pellet and supernatant in the groups with different susceptibilities to tooth decay is a promising finding for future research.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náchylnost k zubnímu kazu * MeSH
- proteomika * MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy analýza imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- sliny chemie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zubní kaz imunologie metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Most people worldwide suffer from dental caries. Only a small part of the population is cariesresistant and the reason for this resistance in unknown. Only a few studies compared the saliva protein composition of persons with carious teeth and persons with no caries. Our study is the first to relate proteomic analysis of the caries aetiology with gender. In this study, we compared the differences in the abundances of proteins in the saliva between cariesresistant and caries-susceptible females and males by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics). Our results demonstrate that the observed differences in the protein levels might have an influence on anticaries resistance. A total of 19 potential markers of tooth caries were found, for example proteins S100A8 and annexin A1 with higher expression in the cariessusceptible group in comparison with the caries-free group and mucin-5B, lactoferrin, lysozyme C with higher expression in the caries-free group in comparison with the caries-susceptible group. The presented study is the first complex proteomic and gender project where the saliva protein content of caries-free and caries-susceptible persons were compared by label-free MS. The newly detected potential protein markers of dental caries can be a good basis for further research and for possible future therapeutic use.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- náchylnost k zubnímu kazu * MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy * analýza MeSH
- sliny chemie MeSH
- zubní kaz MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The frequency of sandfly-host contacts can be measured by host antibody levels against sandfly salivary proteins. Recombinant salivary proteins are suggested to represent a valid replacement for salivary gland homogenate (SGH); however, it is necessary to prove that such antigens are recognized by antibodies against various populations of the same species. Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in southwest Europe and is widespread from Portugal to Italy. In this study, sera were sampled from naturally exposed dogs from distant regions, including Campania (southern Italy), Umbria (central Italy) and the metropolitan Lisbon region (Portugal), where P. perniciosus is the unique or principal vector species. Sera were screened for anti-P. perniciosus antibodies using SGH and 43-kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B). A robust correlation between antibodies recognizing SGH and rSP03B was detected in all regions, suggesting substantial antigenic cross-reactivity among different P. perniciosus populations. No significant differences in this relationship were detected between regions. Moreover, rSP03B and the native yellow-related protein were shown to share similar antigenic epitopes, as canine immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to the native protein was inhibited by pre-incubation with the recombinant form. These findings suggest that rSP03B should be regarded as a universal marker of sandfly exposure throughout the geographical distribution of P. perniciosus.
- MeSH
- antigeny analýza MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny analýza MeSH
- kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Leishmania infantum fyziologie MeSH
- leishmanióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Phlebotomus parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny analýza MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie epidemiologie MeSH
- Portugalsko epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Salivary proteins of Triatoma infestans elicit humoral immune responses in their vertebrate hosts. These immune responses indicate exposure to triatomines and thus can be a useful epidemiological tool to estimate triatomine infestation. In the present study, we analyzed antibody responses of guinea pigs to salivary antigens of different developmental stages of four T. infestans strains originating from domestic and/or peridomestic habitats in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. We aimed to identify developmental stage- and strain-specific salivary antigens as potential markers of T. infestans exposure. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In SDS-PAGE analysis of salivary proteins of T. infestans the banding pattern differed between developmental stages and strains of triatomines. Phenograms constructed from the salivary profiles separated nymphal instars, especially the 5th instar, from adults. To analyze the influence of stage- and strain-specific differences in T. infestans saliva on the antibody response of guinea pigs, twenty-one guinea pigs were exposed to 5th instar nymphs and/or adults of different T. infestans strains. Western blot analyses using sera of exposed guinea pigs revealed stage- and strain-specific variations in the humoral response of animals. In total, 27 and 17 different salivary proteins reacted with guinea pig sera using IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Despite all variations of recognized salivary antigens, an antigen of 35 kDa reacted with sera of almost all challenged guinea pigs. CONCLUSION: Salivary antigens are increasingly considered as an epidemiological tool to measure exposure to hematophagous arthropods, but developmental stage- and strain-specific variations in the saliva composition and the respective differences of immunogenicity are often neglected. Thus, the development of a triatomine exposure marker for surveillance studies after triatomine control campaigns requires detailed investigations. Our study resulted in the identification of a potential antigen as useful marker of T. infestans exposure.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny imunologie MeSH
- kousnutí a bodnutí imunologie MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- proteom analýza MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy analýza imunologie MeSH
- Triatoma * MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
Pooled salivary gland samples are frequently used to ensure the sufficient amount of material for the experiments; however, this could mask an individual variability. Thus, we compared salivary protein profiles in seven colonies of three Phlebotomus species: Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus perniciosus, and Phlebotomus papatasi. Surprisingly, the individual profiles differed significantly between the colonies as well as between individuals. The highest variability was observed in proteins with molecular masses of 42-46 kDa corresponding to the yellow-related proteins. The phenogram constructed from salivary gland profiles revealed the existence of two main groups in P. sergenti, corresponding well with the geographical origin. The F1 progeny obtained from cross-mating studies between P. sergenti colonies of different geographical origin formed a distinct subgroup within the parental groups. In P. papatasi, several groups of protein profiles were observed with no relationship to the geographical origin. The biological role of salivary proteins variability is discussed.
- MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- křížení genetické MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- Phlebotomus chemie MeSH
- proteom analýza MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy analýza chemie MeSH
- slinné žlázy chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- alfa-amylasy diagnostické užití sekrece škodlivé účinky MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- chromogranin A analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hydrokortison diagnostické užití sekrece škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pracovní zátěž MeSH
- psychický stres diagnóza metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- slinné alfa-amylasy analýza MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy analýza MeSH
- sliny chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
