Cultivated sunflower holds a very narrow genetic base and the efficient utilization of available genetic diversity is very important for a successful breeding program. In the present study, 109 sunflower genotypes were assessed for diversity paneling through a combined approach of morphological and molecular markers analysis. Morphological parameters including days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, plant height, stem curvature, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, hundred seed weight, and seed yield per plant were studied. Simple sequence repeats (40 DNA markers) were deployed for diversity profiling. Data were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate statistics. SD and coefficient of variation confirm the presence of significant amounts of genetic variation for all the morphological parameters. Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis further confirm the presence of distinct grouping patterns in the studied material. Cluster analysis of both morphological and molecular analysis revealed that restorer lines tend to group separately from A, B, and open-pollinated lines. Further grouping, at the sub-cluster level, revealed six distinct sub-clusters in each of the two major clusters. In total, 12 genotypes, 6 CMS lines (CMS-HAP-12, CMS-HAP-54, CMS-HAP-56, CMS-HAP-99, CMS-HAP-111, and CMS-HAP-112) and 6 restorer lines (RHP-38, RHP-41, RHP-53, RHP-68, RHP-69, and RHP-71) could be used as potential parents for hybrid development. As genotypes of similar genetic backgrounds tend to group closer, it is deduced that one genotype with the highest seed yield per plant could be used for further hybrid breeding programs in sunflowers.
- Klíčová slova
- SSR, heterosis, morphological, multivariate, sunflower, yield,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient desired by crop plants in large quantities. However, hiking fertilizer prices need alternative N sources for reducing its requirements through appropriate management practices. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well-known for their role in lowering N requirements of crop plants. This study assessed the impact of PGPR inoculation on growth, allometry and biochemical traits of chili under different N doses. Two PGPR, i.e., Azospirillum 'Er-20' (nitrogen fixing) and Agrobacterium 'Ca-18' (phosphorous solubilizing) were used for inoculation, while control treatment had no PGPR inoculation. Six N doses, i.e., 100, 80, 75, 70, 60 and 50% of the N required by chili were included in the study. Data relating to growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits were recorded. Interaction among N doses and PGPR inoculation significantly altered all growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits. The highest values of the recorded traits were observed for 100% N with and without PGPR inoculation and 75% N with PGPR inoculation. The lowest values of the recorded traits were noted for 50% N without PGPR inoculation. The PGPR inoculation improved the measured traits compared to the traits recorded noted in same N dose without PGPR inoculation. Results revealed that PGPR had the potential to lower 25% N requirement for chili. Therefore, it is recommended that PGPR must be used in chili cultivation to lower N requirements.
- MeSH
- Agrobacterium metabolismus MeSH
- Azospirillum metabolismus MeSH
- Capsicum růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- draslík analýza MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fixace dusíku fyziologie MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- semenáček růst a vývoj MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- publikace stažené z tisku MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pákistán MeSH
- Názvy látek
- draslík MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in huge crop losses throughout the world. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a salt-susceptible crop; therefore, its growth and yield is negatively impacted by salinity. Irreversible damage at cell level and photo inhibition due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less CO2 availability caused by water stress is directly linked with salinity. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of five NaCl salinity levels, i.e., 0,1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 on growth, biochemical attributes and yield of two chili genotypes ('Plahi' and 'A-120'). Salinity stress significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, relative water contents, water use efficiency, leaf osmotic potential, glycine betaine (GB) contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and chlorophyll contents of tested genotypes. Salinity stress significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). In addition, increasing salinity levels significantly reduced the tissue phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while enhanced the tissue sodium and chloride concentrations. Genotype 'Plahi' had better growth and biochemical attributes compared to 'A-120'. Therefore, 'Plahi' is recommended for saline areas to improve chili production.
- MeSH
- Capsicum genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- chlorid sodný škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chlorofyl genetika MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- listy rostlin genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidasa genetika MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- salinita * MeSH
- sodík metabolismus MeSH
- solný stres genetika MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa genetika MeSH
- tolerance k soli genetika MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- publikace stažené z tisku MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlorid sodný MeSH
- chlorofyl MeSH
- draslík MeSH
- malondialdehyd MeSH
- peroxidasa MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- sodík MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa MeSH
- voda MeSH
We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 μg/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 μg/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.
- MeSH
- Acinetobacter baumannii účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie MeSH
- Aspergillus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Chenopodium chemie MeSH
- cytotoxiny farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory plic farmakoterapie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- publikace stažené z tisku MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- antitumorózní látky MeSH
- cytotoxiny MeSH
- fytonutrienty MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
