INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetics is a common but often underestimated and underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus. One of the most clinical apparent forms of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is orthostatic hypotension. OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively assess the association of the orthostatic hypotension (OH) with macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and to determine its effect on mortality. DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 187 patients with diabetes mellitus (60 patients with diabetes type 1 and 127 patients with diabetes type 2). Patients were divided into groups according to presence or absence of OH and type of diabetes. Association of OH with macrovascular and microvascular complications was evaluated and the effect of OH on 10-year all-cause mortality was also assessed. RESULTS: OH was present in 31.7% of patients with diabetes type 1 (DM1) and in 32.3% of patients with diabetes type 2 (DM2). OH was positively associated with the prevalence of myocardial infarction in DM1 (OR=10.67) and with prevalence of stroke in DM2 (OR=3.33). There was also a strong association of OH and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease in both DM1 (OR=14.18) and DM2 (OR=3.26). Patients with both types of diabetes and OH had significantly higher prevalence of nephropathy (DM1 OR=8.68, DM2 OR=3.24), retinopathy (DM1 OR=8.09, DM2 OR=4.08) and peripheral neuropathy (DM1 OR=17.14, DM2 OR=7.51) Overall 10year mortality rate was higher in diabetic patients with OH. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of OH in diabetics is associated with higher prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and also with higher 10-year mortality.

• Klíčová slova
• Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, Microvascular and macrovascular complications, Mortality, Orthostatic hypotension,
• MeSH
• ambulantní kliniky nemocniční MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu komplikace   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   MeSH
• diabetická kardiomyopatie komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diabetické angiopatie komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diabetické neuropatie komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• ortostatická hypotenze komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• renální insuficience komplikace   epidemiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• tisková chyba MeSH

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy initiated and sustained by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It is caused by a dysregulated immune response toward both dietary antigens, the gluten proteins of wheat, rye, and barley, and autoantigens, the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2). The small intestine is the target organ. Although routine immunochemical protocols for a laboratory diagnosis of CD are available, faster, easier-to-use, and cheaper analytical devices for CD diagnosis are currently unavailable. This review focuses on biosensors, consisting of a physicochemical transducer and a bioreceptor, as promising analytical tools for diagnosis of CD and other diseases. Examples of recently developed biosensors as well as expectations for future lines of research and development in this field are presented.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibody, Biosensors, Celiac disease, Diagnosis, ELISA, Immunochemistry,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky metody   MeSH
• celiakie diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky MeSH
• gliadin imunologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protein-glutamin:amin-gama-glutamyltransferasa 2 MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky metabolismus   MeSH
• transglutaminasy imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• gliadin MeSH
• protein-glutamin:amin-gama-glutamyltransferasa 2 MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP MeSH
• protilátky MeSH
• transglutaminasy MeSH

The worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1980 and 2014. The obesity pandemic is tightly linked to an increase in energy availability, sedentariness and greater control of ambient temperature that have paralleled the socioeconomic development of the past decades. The most frequent cause which leads to the obesity development is a dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor which influence whole-body metabolism by affecting energy balance but also inflammation and gut barrier function, integrate peripheral and central food intake regulatory signals and thereby increase body weight. Probiotics have physiologic functions that contribute to the health of gut microbiota, can affect food intake and appetite, body weight and composition and metabolic functions through gastrointestinal pathways and modulation of the gut bacterial community.

• Klíčová slova
• Gut microbiota, Intestinal microflora, Obesity, Prevention, Probiotics, Treatment,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to investigate the effect of short term exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile. METHODS: Healthy sedentary men exercised 20 min for four days. The intensity of exercise was modulated to maintain 75-80 % of a calculated HRmax. Before and after the exercise program, fasting and postprandial (4 h after standard meal) concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and total concentrations of TAG, LDL and HDL by enzymatic colorimetric method. After 2 days of rest, fasting and postprandial concentrations of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions were measured to determine a persistency of a changes in the lipoprotein profile. RESULTS: 4 days of physical exercise led to statistically significant decrease of concentration of triacylglycerol in fasting (76.29 ± 20.07, 53.92 ± 10.90, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (139.06 ± 23.72, 96.55 ± 25.21, p < 0.05) VLDL in fasting (21.88 ± 3.87, 18.00 ± 3.93, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (23.88 ± 3.52, 19.25 ± 3.62, p < 0.05), total cholesterol in fasting (162.26 ± 23.38, 148.91 ± 17.72, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (163.73 ± 23.02, 150.08 ± 18.11, p < 0.05). Atherogenic medium LDL decreased also in fasting (9.89 ± 3.27, 6.22 ± 2.55, p < 0.001) and postprandial state (8.88 ± 6.51, 6.88 ± 5.57, p < 0.001). However decrease of large IDL (25.38 ± 3.54, 23.88 ± 3.91, p < 0.05) and large LDL particles (42.89 ± 11.40, 38.67 ± 9.30) was observed only in postprandial state. Total HDL concentration remained unchanged but we observed statistically significant decrease of small HDL particles in fasting (6.11 ± 2.89, 4.22, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (6.44 ± 3.21, 4.56 ± 1.33, p < 0.05). Concentration of these particles are associated with progression of atherosclerosis. All changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile disappeared after 2 days of rest. CONCLUSION: Just 4 daily settings of 20 min of physical exercise can lead to significant positive changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.

• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny krev   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy krev   MeSH
• postprandiální období MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH