The immunity system status of an individual plays the key role in regulation of opportune infection. In the fight against the intracellular parasites several non-specific as well as specific immunity mechanisms are applied. The dominant role in response to infection caused by the representatives of genus Encephalitozoon plays the cell-mediated immune response. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, as the most explored representative of this genus is able to survive in the host organism despite his active immunity response. Latent asymptomatic infection goes on only as long as the parasite multiplication and immune response are balanced.
In veterinary medicine mainly venous blood is used for acid-base balance determinations. This blood, however, does not allow to evaluate the respiratory component, therefore arterial blood samples have to be taken and examined in cases requiring such measurements (respiratory tract diseases, assessment of the degree of compensation in disturbed acid-base conditions). For this reason, central and peripheral arterial blood samples from the a. axillaris and a. subclavia, and the a. auricularis, respectively, were taken from 14 head of cattle, and the values of selected acid-base parameters (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, BE and SAT) were compared. Simultaneously, venous blood samples (v. jugularis) were also examined. Comparison of arterial and venous blood samples (Tab. I) revealed statistically significant differences in pH (p < 0.01) as well as in pCO2, pO2 and SAT values (p < 0.001). In HCO3 and BE, no significant differences were observed. Comparison of arterial blood samples in relation to sampling sites (peripheral and central) disclosed no significant differences in the single parameters; all values correlated at a high level (Tab. II, Figs. 1-6). The highest correlation levels were determined for BE (r = 0.984), HCO3 (r = 0.959), pH (r = 0.944) and pCO2 (r = 0.938) whereas those recorded for SAT (r = 0.877) and pO2 (r = 0.874) were lower. Arterial blood sampling from the a. auricularis caudalis seems to be simpler than sampling from the more central parts that are difficult to approach mainly in fat animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha * MeSH
- arterie MeSH
- hydrogenuhličitany krev MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- odběr vzorku krve veterinární MeSH
- oxid uhličitý krev MeSH
- skot krev MeSH
- vény MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydrogenuhličitany MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
The development of PCR assays for detection of BHV-1, BRSV, BVDV and another pestiviruses is summarized. A polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gI glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure BHV-1 DNA, 0.1-1.0 TCID50 or a single infected cell. No amplification was observed with DNA from BHV-2, BHV-3, BHV-4, OHV-1 or OHV-2. However, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using DNA from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. The PCR assay was able to detect virus in nasal swabs 1-14 days after experimental infection of cattle and there was a good correlation when PCR was compared to virus isolation for the detection of BHV-1 in clinical field samples. Detection of BHV-1 in fetal bovine serum and semen samples was also successful. PCR detecting a broad range of BVDV, BDV and HCV was developed. Of six sets of primers selected from different parts of the pestivirus genome the best results were provided by a pair 324/326 from the highly conserved 5'-non-coding region which gave an amplification with all 129 isolates tested. This panel consisted of 79 isolates from cattle, 33 from pigs and 17 from sheep. Differentiation between viruses was achieved by cleavage of the PCR-amplified products (288 bp) with the restriction endonucleases AvaI and BglI. The BVDV products were cleaved by AvaI, HCV by BglI and AvaI. Both enzymes, AvaI and BglI, did not cut the BDV products. A nested polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Primers were selected from the gene encoding the F fusion protein. The sensitivity of PCR assay was 0.1 TCID50. No cross reaction was observed with nine heterologous respiratory viruses. PCR products of bovine and human RSV strains were discriminated using endonuclease ScaI, which specifically cleaved products of BRSV. PCR assay detected BRSV in nasal swabs collected from cattle in the acute stage of respiratory disease. In vitro amplification detected 31 positive samples of 35 while immunofluorescence only 23 samples.
The objective of the paper was to investigate clinical and laboratory findings in heifers subjected to magnesite flue dust stress. A 50-day experiment was conducted in clinical conditions on five two-year heifers of the Slovak and Red Pied breeds at the live weight of 331 to 420 kg. All animals received dietary Mg from the source of magnesite flue dust at a rate of 500 mg/kg live weight. The test flue dust came from dust separation from electrostatic filters and contained these main elements: Mg (88%), Ca (1.6%), K (0.36%), Na (0.26%), Fe (1.89%), Zn (0.0026%), Cu (0.000294%) and trace amount of P. The clinical health of the animals was evaluated daily. Samples of blood, urine and dung were taken before the first administration of flue dust, on days 12, 30 and 50 of the experiment. The counts of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were determined in blood. Enzyme activities (AST, ALT, GMT), concentrations of total bilirubin, albumin, total proteins and total immunoglobulins were determined in blood serum. Contents of Mg, Ca, P, K, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn in blood serum, urine, dung and of the test pollutant were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on a Perkin Elmer apparatus (model 306, 1100). Profuse diarrhea was a dominant clinical symptom in the animals which appeared in individual animals between 24th and 48th hour from the first intake of magnesite flue dust. Diarrhea lasted alternately in all heifers until day 50 of the experiment. As for the analyzed parameters of hematological profile during administration of the pollutant (Figs. 1-4), Hb and Hk (P < 0.01) increased significantly in the investigated animals on day 12 in comparison with the initial values. Out of the enzymes, AST and ALT activities showed most readily the feeding of magnesite flue dust (r = 0.99 and r = 0.92, resp.), Figs. 5 and 6. Correlation relationships between magnesite pollutant administration and bilirubinemia dynamics during the experiment indicated the correlation r = 0.53 (Fig. 8), r = 0.36 (Fig. 9) for total proteins, r = 0.75 (Fig. 10) for albumin and r = 0.93 (Fig. 11) for total immunoglobulins. In comparison with the initial values, Mg concentrations in blood serum and dung significantly increased from day 12 of experiment (P < 0.01 - Fig. 13) and in urine from day 30 (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- MeSH
- hořčík otrava MeSH
- nemoci skotu chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- otrava metabolismus veterinární MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hořčík MeSH
Experiments were conducted on six head of sheep of the Slovak Merino breed with average live weight of 40 kg. The sheep received 0.4 kg of industrially produced molasses feed M and 1 kg of meadow hay once a day. The feed ration for a head of sheep per day contained: 1177.58 g dry matter, 89 g digestible crude protein (SNL), 0.554 starch units. The animals had free choice of water. Rumen epithelium with submucosa was used in the experiment. Amino acid transfer was measured in a mucosa-serosa direction. Amino acids were dissolved in Thyrode's solution with pH value 6.9 on the mucosa side and 7.4 on the serosa side. A constant temperature of 39 degrees C was maintained during the experiment. The epithelium area was 13.2 cm2 for either part of the experiment. Lysine and leucine were incubated separately in the first part of experiment. These concentrations were used: 5, 25, 50 and 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine and leucine readings are denoted as control lysine (lysine K) and control leucine (leucine K) in the result section. Lysine and leucine were incubated simultaneously in the second part of experiment: Lys 5 mumol/l-Leu 5 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 15 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 20 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 25 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine readings on the other part of experiment are denoted as experimental lysine (lysine P). Figs. 1 and 2 show transfer of control lysine and leucine through the rumen epithelium as depending upon their concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- epitel metabolismus MeSH
- leucin metabolismus MeSH
- lysin metabolismus MeSH
- ovce metabolismus MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- leucin MeSH
- lysin MeSH
Consequences between climate parameters of stable environment and mould occurrence were monitored during one fattening cycle. Xerophilic and hydrophilic species of moulds were diagnosed in the stable air. Their presence was especially influenced by contaminated feeding mixtures and litter. Mostly the "storage" species of moulds (Penicillium, Aspergillus) but also the "field" species (Fusarium, Alternaria) were isolated from the feeding mixtures. Xerophilic Penicillium species as well as hydrophilic species, e.g. Cladosporium dominated in litter in the beginning of the cycle. Yeasts dominated in the end of the cycle. In examined samples of sedimented dust, the highest frequency of occurrence was in Penicillium germs.
- MeSH
- bydlení zvířat * MeSH
- houby izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
- mikroklima * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The antifungal effectivity of three single-component (Persteril, Septonex, Glutaraldehyd) and of three combined (Persteril+Septonex, Pesteril+Glutaraldehyd, Glutaraldehyd+Septonex) commercially available disinfectants was monitored by the diffuse method on five fen of the microscopic filamentous fungi Aspergillus alternata, Aspergillus niger, Mucor fragillis, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium glabrum. The highest antifungal activity was observed in 2% Persteril while 2% Persteril + 1% Septonex were the most effective among the combined disinfectants. M. fragilis was the most resistant strain.
- MeSH
- dezinficiencia farmakologie MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- glutaraldehyd farmakologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina peroctová farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny sírové farmakologie MeSH
- peroxid vodíku farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dezinficiencia MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- glutaraldehyd MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
- kyselina peroctová MeSH
- kyseliny sírové MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- Persteril MeSH Prohlížeč
- Septonex MeSH Prohlížeč
In the article we describe characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes of fowl origin. We compare them with characteristics of evolutionary different mammalian forms of the enzyme. Separations of LD isoenzymes have been done using the most progressive electrophoretic techniques available at present. They included electrophoresis in homogeneous and gradient polyacrylamide gels (PAGE) as well as isoelectric focusing (IEF). A typical densitometric pattern of serum LD isoenzymes obtained by gradient PAGE is illustrated in Fig. 1. It is obvious that LD isoenzymes of all investigated animals have been well separated under applied experimental conditions, with an exception of fowl serum. We succeeded in separating fowl LD isoenzymes using isoelectric focusing. It was possible to distinguish five fractions of lactate dehydrogenase (Fig. 2) by this technique. As shown in Fig. 2, mobility of avian isoenzymes in the gradient of pH differs from that of their mammalian analogues. Fowl LD isoenzymes were localized in cathodic part of IEF-gram. In the case of mammalian isoenzymes (cattle and rabbit), we found LD4 and LD5 forms of the enzyme in this part. The major fractions, i.e. LD1 to LD3 were present in anodic part of IEF-gram. We quantitatively expressed this different mobility of mammalian and avian forms of LD using retention factors Rf (Tab. III). A migration distance of cattle LD1 served as a reference point. It could be seen from a comparison of Rf values that avian forms of LD (of galiform origin) differed from mammalian ones by an outstanding shift of their isoelectric points, especially that of LD1, toward basic values. The total LD activity (IU) and the relative distribution of the LD isoenzyme activities (%) in normal serum of various animals are listed in Tabs I and II. A comparison of these values showed that, in contrast to mammalian serum (with the exception of the rat one), LD5 was the predominant fraction in fowl serum, followed by LD4. LD1 to LD3 occurred in low amounts with fairly similar proportions. On the other hand, most of mammalian serum revealed a reverse pattern of LD isoenzymes, i.e. predominant portion of serum activity had been concentrated in the first three anodic fractions and LD4 and LD5 had been found to be minor ones.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata krev MeSH
- izoenzymy MeSH
- kur domácí krev MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- izoenzymy MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa MeSH
Two gammaglobulin preparations have been developed: Alga (10% injection solution of serum bovine gamma-globulin and albumin) and Algalev (with addition of levamisole 10 mg/ml, patented under PV 4069/87); their administration to calves in field conditions was evaluated. The Alga preparation at a rate of 1 ml/kg liveweight (two administrations) had good preventive effects in the diarrhoeic syndrome of new-born hypogammaglobulinaemic calves. In comparison with the untreated calves, these parameters were determined: lower incidence of diarrhoea (41% against 75%; Tab. I), its later onset (by 24 hours), shorter duration (by 50 hours; P < 0.01), lower intensity and easier therapeutical handling (Tab. II). The Algalev preparation (two administrations at a rate of 1 ml/kg liveweight) was suitable for metaphylactic use (combined with antibiotic application) in the respiration syndrome of calves. In comparison with the untreated calves, these parameters were determined: lower incidence of this disorder (42% against 78%), lower intensity of clinical symptoms (intensive symptoms in 20% of the calves against 72%) and importantly higher daily weight gains (0.64 kg against 0.26 kg; Fig. 3). The concentrations of total serum Ig (CS-Ig), serum proteins (SB) and serum albumin (S-Alb) were similar in the compared groups of calves in the whole period of observation (Fig. 1). Certain differences were observed in the dynamics of anti-PI 3 titre of serum antibodies as shown by investigation of specific serum antibodies (Fig. 2); the level of their production was in agreement with morbidity incidence and clinical symptom intensity in both groups of calves.
- MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- gama-globuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny MeSH
- levamisol terapeutické užití MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy imunologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- nemoci skotu imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- průjem imunologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- sérový albumin hovězí terapeutické užití MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- Algalev MeSH Prohlížeč
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- gama-globuliny MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny MeSH
- levamisol MeSH
- sérový albumin hovězí MeSH
Adult rabbits of the New Zealand White breed and pheasants were used to determine the rate of acute oral toxicity (LD50), clinical symptomatology of poisoning of organisms loaded with lethal doses, and the recovery of intoxicated individuals from the toxic effects of bentazon, Czechoslovak developmental herbicide (Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Bratislava), administered at sublethal doses within the framework of obligatory toxicological testing of this herbicide. The determined acute oral toxicity (LD50) was 1139 mg/kg in rabbits and 2918 mg/kg of live weight in pheasants. The table shows LD50 of the tested herbicide for various animal species. The LD50 values of bentazon produced abroad (Germany) are also shown for comparison in this table. If the LD50 values of both herbicides are compared, Czechoslovak developmental bentazon appears safer. The administration of lethal doses (1110 and 1170 mg/kg in rabbits, 2750 and 3100 mg/kg of live weight in pheasants) resulted in clinical symptoms of poisoning detected predominantly in the respiratory system. Shallow accelerated breathing and dyspnoea, CNS suppression, pronounced increase in body temperature, rapid onset and high intensity of rigor mortis were observed. Animals which died as a result of asphyxia induced by the sublethal doses (1000 mg/kg in rabbits and 2200 mg/kg in pheasants) were observed after 2-4 days. Difficult accelerated breathing and increased body temperature disappeared after 1-2 days while the remaining symptoms after 2-3 days. The loss of appetite persisted for 2-4 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- benzothiadiaziny aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- otrava diagnóza MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bentazone MeSH Prohlížeč
- benzothiadiaziny MeSH
- herbicidy MeSH
