Despite covering <5% of Earth's terrestrial area, peatlands are crucial for global carbon storage and are hot spots of methane cycling. This study examined the dynamics of aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation in two undisturbed peatlands: a fen and a spruce swamp forest. Using microcosm incubations, we investigated the effect of ammonium addition, at a level similar to current N pollution processes, on aerobic methane oxidation. Our findings revealed higher methane consumption rates in fen compared to swamp peat, but no effect of ammonium amendment on methane consumption was found. Members of Methylocystis and Methylocella were the predominant methanotrophs in both peatlands. Furthermore, we explored the role of ferric iron and sulfate as electron acceptors for the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). AOM occurred without the addition of an external electron acceptor in the fen, but not in the swamp peat. AOM was stimulated by sulfate and ferric iron addition in the swamp peat and inhibited by ferric iron in the fen. Our findings suggest that aerobic methane oxidizers are not N-limited in these peatlands and that there is an intrinsic potential for AOM in these environments, partially facilitated by ferric iron and sulfate acting as electron acceptors.

• Klíčová slova
• ammonium, electron acceptors, greenhouse gas emissions, methanotrophic bacteria,
• MeSH
• aerobióza MeSH
• amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• methan * metabolismus   MeSH
• Methylocystaceae metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• mokřady * MeSH
• oxidace-redukce * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• sírany metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• methan * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• sírany MeSH

The high-altitude pre-Andean region of the Atacama Desert is characterized by its stark volcanic rock formations and unique hydrothermal gypsum outcrops (gypcrete) that it hosts. This study delves into the biomolecular composition of the endolithic phototrophic microbes that thrive within these gypcretes. Using advanced Raman spectroscopy techniques, including Raman imaging (complemented by microscopic and 3D microscopic observations), herein we unveil new insights into the adaptive strategies of these gypsum-inhabiting algae. Our Raman imaging results provide a detailed chemical map of carotenoids associated with microbial colonization. This map reveals a significant gradient in pigment content, highlighting a critical survival mechanism for algae and cyanobacteria in this polyextreme environment. Intriguingly, we detected signals for carotenoids not only in the algae-colonized layer, but also deeper within the gypsum matrix - indicating pigment migration following cell disruption. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of individual algal cells from the Trebouxiaceae family, noting their color variations from green to orange, plus describing the spectral differences in detail. This investigation identified in-vivo pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll) and lipids at the cellular level, offering a comprehensive view of the molecular adaptations enabling life in one of the Earth's most extreme habitats.

• Klíčová slova
• Astrobiology, Biomarkers, Extremophiles, Geomicrobiology, Photopigments, Raman imaging,
• MeSH
• extrémní prostředí MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• karotenoidy * metabolismus   MeSH
• pouštní klima * MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie * MeSH
• sinice metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• síran vápenatý * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• karotenoidy * MeSH
• síran vápenatý * MeSH

The preparation of pure metabolites of bioactive compounds, particularly (poly)phenols, is essential for the accurate determination of their pharmacological profiles in vivo. Since the extraction of these metabolites from biological material is tedious and impractical, they can be synthesized enzymatically in vitro by bacterial PAPS-independent aryl sulfotransferases (ASTs). However, only a few ASTs have been studied and used for (poly)phenol sulfation. This study introduces new fully characterized recombinant ASTs selected according to their similarity to the previously characterized ASTs. These enzymes, produced in Escherichia coli, were purified, biochemically characterized, and screened for the sulfation of nine flavonoids and two phenolic acids using p-nitrophenyl sulfate. All tested compounds were proved to be substrates for the new ASTs, with kaempferol and luteolin being the best converted acceptors. ASTs from Desulfofalx alkaliphile (DalAST) and Campylobacter fetus (CfAST) showed the highest efficiency in the sulfation of tested polyphenols. To demonstrate the efficiency of the present sulfation approach, a series of new authentic metabolite standards, regioisomers of kaempferol sulfate, were enzymatically produced, isolated, and structurally characterized.

• Klíčová slova
• aryl sulfotransferase, enzymatic sulfation, kaempferol sulfate, metabolite, polyphenol,
• MeSH
• arylsulfotransferasa * metabolismus   chemie   genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   chemie   genetika   MeSH
• biokatalýza MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   genetika   enzymologie   MeSH
• polyfenoly * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• sírany metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arylsulfotransferasa * MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• polyfenoly * MeSH
• sírany MeSH

Myricetin (MYR) and ampelopsin (AMP, or dihydromyricetin) are flavonoid aglycones found in certain plants and dietary supplements. During the presystemic biotransformation of flavonoids, mainly sulfate and glucuronide derivatives are produced, which are the dominant metabolites in the circulation. In this study, we tested the interactions of MYR, myricetin-3'-O-sulfate (M3'S), AMP, and ampelopsin-4'-O-sulfate (A4'S) with human serum albumin (HSA), cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) using in vitro models, including the recently developed method for measuring flavonoid levels in living cells. M3'S and MYR bound to albumin with high affinity, and they showed moderate displacing effects versus the Site I marker warfarin. MYR, M3'S, AMP, and A4'S exerted no or only minor inhibitory effects on CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 enzymes. M3'S and MYR caused considerable inhibitory actions on OATP1B1 at low micromolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.7 and 6.4 μM, respectively), while even their nanomolar levels resulted in strong inhibitory effects on OATP2B1 (IC50 = 0.3 and 0.4 μM, respectively). In addition, M3'S proved to be a substrate of OATP1B1 and OATP2B1. These results suggest that MYR-containing dietary supplements may affect the OATP-mediated transport of certain drugs, and OATPs are involved in the tissue uptake of M3'S.

• Klíčová slova
• CYP enzymes, OATP transporters, ampelopsin, human serum albumin, myricetin,
• MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP3A metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P450 CYP2C9 metabolismus   MeSH
• flavonoidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• flavonoly farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polypeptid C přenášející organické anionty * metabolismus   MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů * metabolismus   MeSH
• sérový albumin metabolismus   MeSH
• sírany metabolismus   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ampelopsin MeSH Prohlížeč
• CYP3A4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• cytochrom P-450 CYP3A MeSH
• cytochrom P450 CYP2C9 MeSH
• dihydromyricetin MeSH Prohlížeč
• flavonoidy * MeSH
• flavonoly MeSH
• myricetin MeSH Prohlížeč
• polypeptid C přenášející organické anionty * MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů * MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• SLCO1B1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• SLCO2B1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are negatively charged polysaccharides found on cell surfaces, where they regulate transport pathways of foreign molecules toward the cell. The structural and functional diversity of GAGs is largely attributed to varied sulfation patterns along the polymer chains, which makes understanding their molecular recognition mechanisms crucial. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, thanks to their unmatched microscopic resolution, have the potential to be a reference tool for exploring the patterns responsible for biologically relevant interactions. However, the capability of molecular dynamics force fields used in biosimulations to accurately capture sulfation-specific interactions is not well established, partly due to the intrinsic properties of GAGs that pose challenges for most experimental techniques. In this work, we evaluate the performance of molecular dynamics force fields for sulfated GAGs by studying ion pairing of Ca2+ to sulfated moieties─N-methylsulfamate and methylsulfate─that resemble N- and O-sulfation found in GAGs, respectively. We tested available nonpolarizable (CHARMM36 and GLYCAM06) and explicitly polarizable (Drude and AMOEBA) force fields, and derived new implicitly polarizable models through charge scaling (prosECCo75 and GLYCAM-ECC75) that are consistent with our developed "charge-scaling" framework. The calcium-sulfamate/sulfate interaction free energy profiles obtained with the tested force fields were compared against reference ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, which serve as a robust alternative to experiments. AIMD simulations indicate that the preferential Ca2+ binding mode to sulfated GAG groups is solvent-shared pairing. Only our scaled-charge models agree satisfactorily with the AIMD data, while all other force fields exhibit poorer agreement, sometimes even qualitatively. Surprisingly, even explicitly polarizable force fields display a notable disagreement with the AIMD data, likely attributed to difficulties in their optimization and possible inherent limitations in depicting high-charge-density ion interactions accurately. Finally, the underperforming force fields lead to unrealistic aggregation of sulfated saccharides, which qualitatively disagrees with our understanding of the soft glycocalyx environment. Our results highlight the importance of accurately treating electronic polarization in MD simulations of sulfated GAGs and caution against over-reliance on currently available models without thorough validation and optimization.

• MeSH
• glykosaminoglykany * chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové chemie   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• sírany * chemie   MeSH
• statická elektřina * MeSH
• vápník chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykosaminoglykany * MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové MeSH
• sírany * MeSH
• sulfamic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• vápník MeSH

This research focuses on the development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the chiral separation of three H1-antihistamine drugs chlorcyclizine, norchlorcyclizine, and neobenodine using sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) as the chiral selector. The study explores various factors influencing the separation efficiency, including CD concentration, organic modifier content, voltage application, and buffer pH. Optimal conditions were identified as a 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with 34 mg mL-1 S-β-CD and 40% (v/v) methanol. The method demonstrated excellent linearity in calibration curves, with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.99 for each enantiomer. Precision studies revealed good intra- and inter-day precision for migration times and peak areas. The limits of detection and quantification for the analytes were within the ranges of 5.9-11.4 and 18-34.6 µmol L-1, respectively. Overall, the developed CE method offers a robust and precise approach for the chiral separation of H1-antihistamine drugs, holding promise for pharmaceutical applications.

• Klíčová slova
• capillary electrophoresis, chiral separation, methanol, piperazine derivatives, sulfated β‐cyclodextrin,
• MeSH
• beta-cyklodextriny * chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární * metody   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• limita detekce * MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• piperaziny chemie   analýza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sírany chemie   analýza   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-cyklodextriny * MeSH
• piperaziny MeSH
• sírany MeSH

Today, the biodiversity of endolithic microbial colonisations are only partly understood. In this study, we used a combination of molecular community metabarcoding using the 16S rRNA gene, light microscopy, CT-scan analysis, and Raman spectroscopy to describe gypsum endolithic communities in 2 sites-southern Poland and northern Israel. The obtained results have shown that despite different geographical areas, climatic conditions, and also physical features of colonized gypsum outcrops, both of these sites have remarkably similar microbial and pigment compositions. Cyanobacteria dominate both of the gypsum habitats, followed by Chloroflexi and Pseudomonadota. Among cyanobacteria, Thermosynechococcaceae were more abundant in Israel while Chroococcidiopsidaceae in Poland. Interestingly, no Gloeobacteraceae sequences have been found in Poland, only in Israel. Some of the obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences of cyanobacteria matched previously detected sequences from endolithic communities in various substrates and geographical regions, supporting the hypothesis of global metacommunity, but more data are still needed. Using Raman spectroscopy, cyanobacterial UV-screening pigments-scytonemin and gloeocapsin have been detected alongside carotenoids, chlorophyll a and melanin. These pigments can serve as potential biomarkers for basic taxonomic identification of cyanobacteria. Overall, this study provides more insight into the diversity of cyanobacterial endolithic colonisations in gypsum across different areas.

• Klíčová slova
• 16S rRNA, Cyanobacteria, Endoliths, Gypsum, Metacommunity, Phototrophs,
• MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sinice * genetika   metabolismus   klasifikace   MeSH
• síran vápenatý * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Izrael MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• síran vápenatý * MeSH

Electroactive microorganisms are pivotal players in mineral transformation within redox interfaces characterized by pronounced oxygen and dissolved metal gradients. Yet, their systematic cultivation from such environments remains elusive. Here, we conducted an anodic enrichment using anoxic ferruginous waters from a post-mining lake as inoculum. Weak electrogenicity (j = ∼5 µA cm-2) depended on electroactive planktonic cells rather than anodic biofilms, with a preference for formate as electron donor. Addition of yeast extract decreased the lag phase but did not increase current densities. The enriched bacterial community varied depending on the substrate composition but mainly comprised of sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfatomaculum spp. and Stenotrophomonas spp.). A secondary enrichment strategy resulted in different bacterial communities composed of iron-reducing (e.g., Klebsiella spp.) and fermentative bacteria (e.g., Paeniclostridium spp.). Secondary electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate the precipitation of sulfur- and iron-rich organomineral aggregates at the anode surface, presumably impeding current production. Our findings indicate that (i) anoxic waters containing geogenically derived metals can be used to enrich weak electricigens, and (ii) it is necessary to specifically inhibit sulfate reducers. Otherwise, sulfate reducers tend to dominate over EAM during cultivation, which can lead to anode passivation due to biomineralization.

• Klíčová slova
• Anodic Enrichment, Bioelectrochemical System, Biomineralization, Extracellular Electron Transfer, Ferruginous Lakes, Weak Electricigens,
• MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• jezera * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• sírany * MeSH
• železo chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• minerály MeSH
• sírany * MeSH
• železo MeSH

While zinc protects plants from copper in hydroponics, its behavior in soil remains unclear. We investigated the potential of zinc sulfate to protect ryegrass from copper toxicity in contaminated soil. Twelve soil treatments combined varying levels of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Increasing CuO significantly stunted ryegrass, but adding ZnSO4 mitigated the effects at each CuO level. ZnSO4 had no effect in unpolluted conditions. These results, supported by the Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model, indicate that zinc competes with copper for binding sites, reducing copper uptake by ryegrass and mitigating its toxicity. Application of zinc sulfate to copper-contaminated soils appears promising for ryegrass growth, although field studies are critical to confirm real-world efficacy.

• Klíčová slova
• Alleviating affect, Antagonism, Lolium perenne, Protective effect,
• MeSH
• jílek * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   MeSH
• měď analýza   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• síran zinečnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• zinek chemie   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• měď MeSH
• půda MeSH
• síran zinečnatý MeSH
• zinek MeSH

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are versatile microorganisms known for their ability to oxidize various reduced sulfur compounds, namely, elemental sulfur (S0), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), tetrathionate (S4O62-), and trithionate (S3O62-) to sulfate (SO42-). In this study, out of twelve SOB isolates from rice rhizosphere, five were screened based on their sulfur oxidation potential, viz., SOB1, SOB2, SOB3, SOB4, and SOB5, and were identified as Ochrobactrum soli SOB1, Achromobacter xylosoxidans SOB2, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SOB3, Brucella tritici SOB4, and Stenotrophomonas pavanii SOB5, respectively. All the isolates displayed chemolithotrophic nutritional mode by consuming thiosulfate and accumulating trithionate and tetrathionate in the growth medium which is ultimately oxidized to sulfate. The strains were authenticated with the production of thiosulfate oxidizing enzymes such as rhodanese and sulfite oxidase. Despite their tendency to oxidize reduced sulfur compounds, B. tritici SOB4 and S. pavanii SOB5 were also found to possess phosphate and zinc solubilization potential, acetic acid, and indole acetic acid (IAA) production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. The presence of sulfanyl (R-SH) groups was noticed in the A. xylosoxidans SOB2. Elemental sulfur conversion into sulfate was noted in the S. maltophilia SOB3, and hydrogen sulfide conversion into sulfate was observed in the Ochromobacter soli SOB1. Sulfur oxidation potential coupled with beneficial properties of the isolates widen the knowledge on SOB.

• Klíčová slova
• IAA, Phosphate solubilization, Rhodanase, Sulfate, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), Tetrathionate, Thiosulfate,
• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• kyseliny síry * MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• rhizosféra MeSH
• rýže (rod) * MeSH
• síra MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• sloučeniny síry MeSH
• sulfan * MeSH
• thiosírany MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny síry * MeSH
• síra MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• sloučeniny síry MeSH
• sulfan * MeSH
• thiosírany MeSH
• trithionic acid MeSH Prohlížeč